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  1. Vor 14 Stunden · Multiple integrals have many properties common to those of integrals of functions of one variable (linearity, commutativity, monotonicity, and so on). One important property of multiple integrals is that the value of an integral is independent of the order of integrands under certain conditions.

  2. Vor 14 Stunden · Calculus, mathematical analysis, statistics, physics. In mathematics, the gamma function (represented by Γ, the capital letter gamma from the Greek alphabet) is one commonly used extension of the factorial function to complex numbers. The gamma function is defined for all complex numbers except the non-positive integers.

  3. Vor 14 Stunden · The upper incomplete gamma function for some values of s: 0 (blue), 1 (red), 2 (green), 3 (orange), 4 (purple). In mathematics, the upper and lower incomplete gamma functions are types of special functions which arise as solutions to various mathematical problems such as certain integrals . Their respective names stem from their integral ...

  4. Vor 14 Stunden · In mathematics, the digamma function is defined as the logarithmic derivative of the gamma function: [1] [2] [3] It is the first of the polygamma functions. This function is strictly increasing and strictly concave on , [4] and it asymptotically behaves as [5] for large arguments ( ) in the sector with some infinitesimally small positive constant .

  5. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Debye_modelDebye model - Wikipedia

    Vor 14 Stunden · The Debye model is a solid-state equivalent of Planck's law of black body radiation, which treats electromagnetic radiation as a photon gas confined in a vacuum space. Correspondingly, the Debye model treats atomic vibrations as phonons confined in the solid's volume. Most of the calculation steps are identical, as both are examples of a ...

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  6. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › LogicLogic - Wikipedia

    Vor 14 Stunden · Definition. The word "logic" originates from the Greek word "logos", which has a variety of translations, such as reason, discourse, or language. Logic is traditionally defined as the study of the laws of thought or correct reasoning, and is usually understood in terms of inferences or arguments. Reasoning is the activity of drawing inferences ...

  7. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › OutsourcingOutsourcing - Wikipedia

    Vor 14 Stunden · Outsourcing. Outsourcing is a business practice in which companies use external providers to carry out business processes that would otherwise be handled internally, [1] [2] or in-house. [3] Outsourcing sometimes involves transferring employees and assets from one firm to another.