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Der Soziologe Robert K. Merton griff das Gleichnis in seinem Buch On the Shoulders of Giants 1965 auf. In dem populären Klassiker der Wissenssoziologie verfolgt er das Zitat zu seinem Ursprung zurück. In seinem Essay geht es ironischerweise u. a. um die soziale Konstruktion von „Wissen“.
Diese berühmte Formulierung stammt aus einem Brief von Isaac Newton an einen seiner Kollegen aus dem Jahre 1675, dem er über seine Entdeckung zur Farbtheorie auf Englisch schrieb: “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants*”( dt.:"Wenn ich weiter sehen konnte, so deshalb, weil ich auf den Schultern von Riesen ...
The phrase "standing on the shoulders of giants" is a metaphor which means "using the understanding gained by major thinkers who have gone before in order to make intellectual progress". [1]
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This chapter offers a preliminary answer by briefly surveying the origins and growth of the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Husserl, some of the Great Philosophers who stood “on the shoulders of giants.”
The academic image of "standing on the shoulders," traced through Sir Isaac Newton in 1676, back to Bernard of Chartres in the twelfth century, compares the production of truth to dwarfs sitting on the shoulders of giants.
This article identifies three main approaches: synthesis, in which we produce one theory based on the insights of multiple theories; complementary, in which we use different theories to produce a range of insights or explanations; and contradictory, in which we compare the insights of theories before choosing one over the other.
