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The most famous tragedies of Sophocles feature Oedipus and Antigone: they are generally known as the Theban plays, though each was part of a different tetralogy (the other members of which are now lost).
- The Theban Plays Series by Sophocles
The Theban Plays Series by Sophocles. 3 primary works • 4...
- The Theban Plays Series by Sophocles
- Events in History at The Time The Plays Take Place
- The Plays in Focus
- Events in History at The Time The Plays Were Written
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The ancient city of Thebes
The myth of the House of Oedipus, upon which Sophocles’ plays are based, takes place in Thebes in the thirteenth century bee. At the time, Thebes was the dominant city of Boeotia (central Greece), located in that region’s eastern part. The city had its own acropolis, or fortress, which stood on a plateau overlooking the lower city, with portions of the rivers Dirce and Ismenus on either side. Thebes had an especially rich mythology. It was said to have been founded by Cadmus, whoarrived there...
Plot summaries
The Theban Plays are not considered a trilogy because they were not written or produced at the same time, in the way Aeschylus’ Oresteia was (also in Classical Literature and Its Times). Sophocles wrote the plays over some 40-odd years, and the chronological order of their writing does not correspond to the sequential order of the stories. He wrote Antigone first, then Oedipus the King, and Oedipus atCo/onus last. While many translations present the plays in sequential order, a few scholars a...
Oedipus the King
As the play opens, Oedipus is talking to a priest who represents a group of Theban citizens begging for relief from a terrible plague. Trying to console them, Oedipus says he has already dispatched his brother-in-law, Creon, to ask the Oracle at Delphi how the city might be saved. Creon returns with the oracle’s pronouncement, which is that Thebes is suffering because the murderer of its former king, Laius, lives within its walls unpunished. Oedipus curses the killer and vows to save the city...
RIDDLES AND THE SPHINX
Stories, statues, and pictures of the sphinx existed in ancient Greece, Egypt, Assyria, and Phoenicia. A mythological creature, its name stems from a Creek word meaning “squeezer,” and its gender in Greek mythology seems to have been female. The sphinx referred to in Sophocles’ Oedipuswas believed to have lived on a high rock outside Thebes. Creeks pictured the sphinx as a winged creature with the body of a Won and the head of a woman. As was common in many versions of the myth of the sphinx,...
Athenian theater in Sophocles’ day
Sophocles’ dramas and those of his fellow playwrights were performed at festivals for the god Dionysus. They took place twice a year, in the spring and winter, and lasted several days. Plays began as simple religious rituals, wherein the Chorus presented songs. In the year 534 bce the poet Thespis introduced an actor (hypokrites, meaning answerer or interpreter), who could deliver speeches of his own and interact with the Chorus. State holidays, these festivals included religious rites such a...
The Peloponnesian War and the plague
Athenians in the fifth century bce had witnessed their city’s ascension to economic, military, intellectual, and social dominance in Greece under the leadership of the controversial but talented statesman Pericles. During Sophocles’ lifetime, however, Athens’ fortune would change dramatically. War broke out with Sparta in 431 bce, sometime before the staging of Oedipus the King, and it continued for almost three decades. Sophocles, who did not live to witness the de-feat of his beloved Athens...
EVIDENCE OF THE ATHENIAN PIAGUE
A mass grave was discovered in Athens in 1995 during excavations prior to construction of a subway station. The mass grave was located near the surface, and skeletons were found helter-skelter, with no soil between them, The team who excavated the site found cheap, unadorned burial vessels. The members of the team could tell the bodies had been piled into the pit within a day or two. AH the evidence suggested a panicky mass burial, the result, perhaps, of a plague. They dated the grave to 430...
Axarlis, Nikos. “Plague Victims Found: Mass Burial in Athens.” Archaeology, April 15, 1998. http://www.archaeology.org/online/news/kerameikos.html. Beard, Mary, and John Henderson. Classics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress, 1995. Bower, Bruce. The Oedipus Complex: A Theory under Fire. In Readings on Sophocles. Ed. Don Nard...
The most famous tragedies of Sophocles feature Oedipus and Antigone: they are generally known as the Theban plays, though each was part of a different tetralogy (the other members of which are now lost).
The legends surrounding the royal house of Thebes inspired Sophocles (496–406 BC) to create a powerful trilogy of mankind’s struggle against fate. King Oedipus tells of a man who brings pestilence to Thebes for crimes he does not realise he has committed, and then inflicts a brutal punishment upon himself.
- Paperback
The legends surrounding Oedipus of Thebes and his ill-fated offspring provide the subject matter for Sophocles’ three greatest plays, which together represent Greek drama at the pinnacle of its achievement.
17. Mai 2021 · The Theban plays; by. Sophocles. Publication date. 1967. Topics. Sophocles -- Translations into English, Antigone (Mythological character) -- Drama, Oedipus (Greek mythological figure) -- Drama, Thebes (Greece) -- Drama. Publisher. Harmondsworth, Penguin.
