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  1. In December 1990 Alia endorsed the creation of independent political parties, thus signaling an end to the communists’ official monopoly of power. With each concession to the opposition, the state’s absolute control over Albanian society weakened.

  2. The fall of communism in Albania, the last such event in Europe outside the Soviet Union, started in December 1990 with student demonstrations in the capital, Tirana, although protests started in January that year in other cities like Shkodra and Kavaja.

  3. 26. Juli 2022 · Daniel Finn. For much of the last century, Albania has seemed like Europe’s odd one out. It was the last country in the Balkans to gain its independence from the Ottoman Empire and the only Muslim-majority state west of Turkey. It followed a unique path during the Cold War under the long rule of Enver Hoxha.

  4. After the Armistice of Cassibile between Italy and the Allies, Albania was occupied by Nazi Germany. Following the collapse of the Axis powers, Albania became a one-party communist state, the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, which for most of its duration was dominated by dictator Enver Hoxha (died 1985).

  5. Albania's journey from the fall of communism to its ongoing democracy. From economic reforms to EU aspirations, discover how Albania is embracing change.

  6. I. INTRODUCTION. For nearly half a century Albania experienced a brand of communism unknown to the rest of Eastern Europe. A fateful blend of isolationism and dictatorship kept this tiny Balkan...

  7. Foundation. We suggest one possible approach to the difficult process of creating open community dialogue to deal with the scars of a traumatic past and thus begin the healing process. Keywords: history and memory, reconciliation, material heritage, post-Communism, post-socialism,Albania.