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Flag of convenience (FOC) is a business practice whereby a ship's owners register a merchant ship in a ship register of a country other than that of the ship's owners, and the ship flies the civil ensign of that country, called the flag state. The term is often used pejoratively, and although common, the practice is sometimes ...
- What Is Ship Registration and Why It Is needed?
- The Different Types of Ship Registries.
- Why Ships Are Registered in Panama, Liberia, and Marshal Islands?
- Flags of Convenience and Port State Control
- Conclusion.
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When a ship is newly built, it is generally “registered” with a flag state. The flag state is the country that the ship is deemed to be a “national” of, and the country in which the ship’s owner is based. Once a ship is registered with a flag state, it will generally continue to fly that flag throughout its working life. A ship may change flag stat...
There are a number of different types of ship registries, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The three main types of registries are closed, open, and offshore.
Ships are registered in Panama, Liberia, and the Marshal Islands for a variety of reasons. These countries offer a number of advantages to shipowners, including low taxes, relaxed regulation, and minimal red tape. However, there are also a number of disadvantages to these registries. They have been accused of being “flag of convenience” registries,...
Flags of convenience (FOC) refer to the practice of registering a ship in a country other than that of the shipowner’s nationality, in order to take advantage of more favorable regulations, taxes, and labor laws. These flags are often chosen for their lower operating costs and greater flexibility, but they also raise concerns about safety and envir...
So, while there are some advantages to registering a ship in Panama, Liberia, or Marshal Islands, there are also some significant disadvantages. Shipowners need to weigh up the pros and cons before deciding whether this is the right option for them.
Learn what ship registries are, why ships are registered in different countries, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of flag of convenience. Find out the types of ship registries, the reasons for choosing a flag, and the examples of popular flag states.
Learn what flags of convenience (FOCs) are, how they exploit seafarers and how the ITF campaigns against them. Find out how the ITF supports FOC seafarers with agreements, inspections and assistance.
31. Jan. 2004 · Flags of Convenience – die Flaggen der Bequemlichkeit. Klingt eigentlich ganz gemütlich, ist aber viel mehr ein Synonym für Staaten, die die internationalen Vereinbarungen in der ...
18. Apr. 2024 · Learn what a flag of convenience is and why shipowners register their vessels in different countries. Find out the pros and cons of open registries, the list of flag of convenience countries, and the history of the practice.
29. Apr. 2024 · Definition of Flag of Convenience. A flag of convenience refers to the practice by shipowners of registering a merchant ship in a ship register of a country other than that of the ship’s owners, and flying that country’s civil ensign (flag) on the ship.
Learn about the economic and legal aspects of registering merchant vessels under flags of convenience (FOCs) in open registry States. Access the full content of this encyclopedia entry by subscribing or logging in to Oxford University Press.
