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The Hayward Gallery’s 1987 exhibition Le Corbusier: Architect of the Century, which explored the life and work of the pioneering modernist, was timed to mark the start of the...
27. Okt. 2023 · By Stefanie Waldek and Elizabeth Stamp. October 27, 2023. Photo: Nick Mafi. Le Corbusier, born Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, revolutionized the design world, helping to usher in modern...
23. Jan. 2024 · Le Corbusier was a highly influential Swiss-born French architect who was one of the pioneers of modern architecture in the early 20th century. His given name was Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, and he was born in 1887 in the small industrial town of La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier (UK: lə kor-BEW-zee-ay, US: lə KOR-boo-ZYAY, -SYAY, French: [lə kɔʁbyzje]), was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner and writer, who was one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture. He was born in ...
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- Education and early years
Le Corbusier was an influential architect and city planner whose designs combined functionalism with bold sculptural expressionism. He belonged to the first generation of the so-called International school of architecture, which promoted such characteristics as clean geometric forms and open efficient spaces. Le Corbusier was also a recognized writer and artist.
What is Le Corbusier famous for?
Some of Le Corbusier’s most well-known projects were the buildings Villa Savoye, Colline Notre Dame du Haut, and the Unité d'Habitation at Marseille, France; the unbuilt prototype for mass housing, Maison Dom-Ino; the master plan for Chandigarh, India; and the book Toward a New Architecture (1923) wherein he famously declared “a house is a machine for living in.”
What was Le Corbusier’s family like?
Le Corbusier was born Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris to a family of watchmakers. He later married the fashion model Yvonne Gallis, but they had no children.
How was Le Corbusier educated?
Le Corbusier was born in a small town in the mountainous Swiss Jura region, since the 18th century the world’s centre of precision watchmaking. All his life he was marked by the harshness of these surroundings and the puritanism of a Protestant environment. At 13 years of age, Le Corbusier left primary school to learn the enamelling and engraving of watch faces, his father’s trade, at the École des Arts Décoratifs at La Chaux-de-Fonds. There, Charles L’Eplattenier, whom Le Corbusier later called his only teacher, taught him art history, drawing, and the naturalist aesthetics of Art Nouveau.
It was L’Eplattenier who decided that Le Corbusier, having completed three years of studies, should become an architect and gave him his first practice on local projects. From 1907 to 1911, on his advice, Le Corbusier undertook a series of trips that played a decisive role in the education of this self-taught architect. During these years of travel through central Europe and the Mediterranean, he made three major architectural discoveries. The Charterhouse of Ema at Galluzzo, in Tuscany, provided a contrast between vast collective spaces and “individual living cells” that formed the basis for his conception of residential buildings. Through the 16th-century Late Renaissance architecture of Andrea Palladio in the Veneto region of Italy and the ancient sites of Greece, he discovered classical proportion. Finally, popular architecture in the Mediterranean and on the Balkan Peninsula gave him a repertory of geometric forms and also taught him the handling of light and the use of landscape as an architectural background.
At the age of 30 he returned to live in Paris, where his formation was completed a year later when he met the painter and designer Amédée Ozenfant, who introduced him to sophisticated contemporary art. Ozenfant initiated Le Corbusier into Purism, his new pictorial aesthetic that rejected the complicated abstractions of Cubism and returned to the pure, simple geometric forms of everyday objects. In 1918 they wrote and published together the Purist manifesto, Après le cubisme (1918; “After Cubism”). In 1920, with the poet Paul Dermée, they founded a polemic avant-garde review, L’Esprit Nouveau. Open to the arts and humanities, with brilliant collaborators, it presented ideas in architecture and city planning already expressed by Adolf Loos and Henri van de Velde, fought against the “styles” of the past and against elaborate nonstructural decoration, and defended functionalism.
Britannica Quiz
Cubism: Art and Artists
The association with Ozenfant was the beginning of Le Corbusier’s career as a painter and as a writer. Ozenfant and Le Corbusier (then still known as Jeanneret) together wrote a series of articles for L’Esprit Nouveau that were to be signed with pseudonyms. Ozenfant chose Saugnier, the name of his grandmother, and suggested for Jeanneret the name Le Corbusier, the name of a paternal forebear. The articles written by Le Corbusier were collected and published as Vers une architecture. Later translated as Toward a New Architecture (1923), the book is written in a telling style that was to be characteristic of Le Corbusier in his long career as a polemicist. “A house is a machine for living in” and “a curved street is a donkey track, a straight street, a road for men” are among his famous declarations. His books, whose essential lines of thought were born of travels and lectures hardly changed at all in 45 years, constituted a bible for succeeding generations of architects. Among the most famous are Urbanisme (1925; The City of Tomorrow, 1929), Quand les cathédrales étaient blanches (1937; When the Cathedrals Were White, 1947), La Charte d’Athènes (1943), Propos d’urbanisme (1946), Les Trois Établissements humains (1945), and Le Modular I (1948; The Modular, 1954).
La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland, 1887–Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France, 1965. Le Corbusier (born Charles-Edouard Jeanneret) was one of the most influential architects and urban planners of the twentieth century, and a seminal figure in the modern movement as a painter, designer, and writer.
Widely regarded as the greatest architect of the 20th century, the Swiss-born Le Corbusier (1887-1965) left an indelible mark on modern building design and city planning. Here is an authoritative exploration of Le Corbusier's greatest buildings.
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