Suchergebnisse
Suchergebnisse:
Tengiz Sigua (9 November 1934 – 21 January 2020) was a Georgian politician who served as Prime Minister of Georgia from 1992 to 1993. Sigua was an engineer by profession and entered politics on the eve of the Soviet Union's collapse. In 1990 he led an expert group of the bloc "Round Table-Free Georgia".
November 1934 in Lentechi, Georgische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik, UdSSR; † 21. Januar 2020) war ein georgischer Politiker und Premierminister Georgiens von 1990 bis 1991 und von 1992 bis 1993. Biographie. Sigua absolvierte 1957 ein Studium der Ingenieurwissenschaften an der Georgischen Technischen Universität.
Dodge Billingsley. Following are interviews with Tengiz Sigua, former Georgian Prime Minister, and Jaba Ioseliani, the colorful leader of the controversial Mkhedrioni armed formation. Both were intimately involved in Georgia’s state-building process in the early 1990s.
- Historical Background
- Prelude
- Combatants
- The Conflict
- In The Bunker
- City Conditions
- After The Coup
- Analysis
- See Also
- Notes and References
Fall of the Soviet Union
Following the Red Army invasion of 1921 and Bolshevik takeover, Georgia became part of the Soviet Union (formed in 1922). Despite having formally a status of a sovereign "union republic" (the Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia), nationalist feelings demanding independence developed in Georgia largely in the 1970s, feelings that were repeated across the Soviet Union.[a] Major economic and social problems, and repression of nationalist movements led to several protests in Georgia, culminating...
Ethnic Conflicts
The dissolution of the USSR led to a rebirth of tensions between certain ethnic groups across the Union republics, Georgia being no exception. Adamon Nikhas, a communist movement in South Ossetia, started to demand a larger autonomy from Tbilisi as early as the later 1980s, a request denied by the central government in November 1989. Tensions between Tbilisi and Tskhinvali rose until a declaration of sovereignty of South Ossetia within Soviet Union in September 1990, following which Tbilisi r...
Declaration of Independence
On 9 April 1991, two years after the Tbilisi Tragedy and ten days after a largely victorious referendum on the subject, the Georgian Supreme Council declared the independence of the country and appointed Zviad Gamsakhurdia, a famous dissident and spokesperson of Georgian nationalism, as interim president.The latter was eventually elected president with 86% of the vote in an election that saw an 83% participation rate on 26 May. Gamsakhurdia was notably granted the large presidential powers by...
Kitovani Leaves
In January 1991, Zviad Gamsakhurdia signed an executive decree creating the National Guard of Georgia, a prelude to the future Georgian Army, under the jurisdiction of the new Ministry of Internal Affairs. At its head, he appointed Tengiz Kitovani, recently elected to the Supreme Council of Georgia with Gamsakhurdia's party, with a mission to recruit 20,000 capable soldiers. In February, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, while attempting to shut down the several paramilitary organizations ope...
State of Emergency
On 2 September, the situation becomes violent when demonstrations organized by the People's Front of Georgia and the NDP to ask for Jaba Ioseliani's freedom are attacked by MIA forces. According to the non-government organization Human Rights Watch, the protesters, assembled on Rustaveli Avenue, are beaten with batons, while soldiers shoot at the crowd, injuring three civilians. Giorgi Chanturia, leader of the NDP, is arrested by law enforcement, which only aggravates the tensions. Opposition...
Loyalists
The lack of organization within governmental troops and the defection of a large amount of forces during the coup makes any attempt to estimate the size of troops loyal to Zviad Gamsakhurdia difficult.[b] At the onset of the conflict, the National Guard, which includes merely a fraction of its 15,000 original soldiers following Tengiz Kitovani's secession, contributes to the majority of troops protecting the Parliament building, but the number of actual National Guard members participating in...
Opposition
The majority of opposition troops come from rebel factions of the National Guard that followed Tengiz Kitovani during his August 1991 mutiny. However, while an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 members of the Guard pledged allegiance to the opposition's struggle, only a small part of these combatants participated in the Tbilisi battle, while the other soldiers remain in South Ossetia or Abkhazia fighting in the 1991–1992 South Ossetia War. Jaba Ioseliani commands a militia of 600 to 5,000 ultra-cons...
Russian involvement
According to historian and close Gamsakhurdia ally Leila Tsomaia, there is a controversial theory about the beginning of the conflict. Zviad Gamsakhurdia, according to this version, may have had until 07:00 on 22 December to contact Boris Yeltsin and pledge Georgia's membership into the Commonwealth of Independent States. Gamsakhurdia's refusal to do so would have been what jump-started the hostilities. This version is confirmed by the President, who accused Yeltsin of being behind the coup....
The First Day
As soon as Kitovani arrives in Tbilisi, battle plans are put into place. While the National Guard and government leaders fortify themselves within the Parliament building, Tengiz Sigua takes over the Tbilisi Hotel on Rustaveli Avenue, less than 250 meters away from Parliament, designating the building as the opposition's military headquarters. On 21 December, Otar Litanishvili, a commander of the Mkhedrioni, brings a detailed map of the capital within the HQ and military leaders plan the comi...
Escalation and International Reactions
The conflict intensifies on 23 December during a new direct assault against the Parliament, organized in the morning but rebuffed by the National Guard. During the day, the presidential plane is moved from one side of the Novo Alexeyevka Airport of Tbilisi to another, leading to rumors about a potential departure of Gamsakhurdia; these rumors are, however, denied by the government, which assures that the move is made for security purposes, while announcing a dubious advantage over opposition...
The New Year
The most severe battle of the coup d'état takes place on 27 December when Tengiz Kitovani's troops penetrate inside the Parliament and put fire to the first floor of the building with gasoline. The Health Ministry announces after during an interview with The New York Times that, "we have no idea what's happening, except for the fact that there are shootings around Parliament." However, this doesn't prevent Human Rights Watch, a US-based NGO, from publishing an official report the same day for...
During the coup, the Zviad Gamsakhurdia government continues to assemble inside the bunker. Almost the entire cabinet is present, as well as a majority of members of Parliament. The latter continues to function in an official manner, despite the absence of its chairman, Akaki Asatiani. On 2 January, the present members vote to require the presence ...
Tbilisi, the largest city in the Caucasus, suffers largely during the coup. According to Murman Omanidze's testimony and Russian media coverage, 80% of the downtown area's building are destroyed in the battle, leading to a large number of refugees. The Red Cross establishes a station in the Iveria Hotel, less than 900 meters from the Parliament bui...
Continuing the Fight
On 7 January, Zviad Gamsakhurdia proclaims his government to be in exile, insisting that his legitimacy remains valid and the coup cannot be recognized by the international community. However, this claim is soon rejected by the Military Council, whose legal counsel, Ron Migrauli, writes an op-ed for the daily "Free Georgia" claiming that an armed revolution against a dictatorship, even if elected and recognized by the international community, must be legitimate by international law. In order...
The Tbilisi War remains a difficult memory for much of the capital's population. Rustaveli Avenue's destruction is represented by these words told by a civilian during a special report by The New York Times: Serge Schmemann, who covered the post-Soviet world for The New York Times, talks of a Georgian tragedy that forced "Georgian national heroes a...
Bibliography
1. Asatiani, Nodar; Janelidze, Otar (2009). History of Georgia. Tbilissi: Publishing House Petite. ISBN 978-9941906367. 2. Dawisha, Karen; Parrott, Bruce (1994). Russia and the New States of Eurasia. New York: Cambridge University Press. 3. Demetriou, Spyros (November 2002). Politics from the Barrel of a Gun: Small Arms Proliferation and Conflict in the Republic of Georgia (1989–2001). Geneva: The Small Arms Survey. 4. "Conflict in Georgia – Human Rights Violations by the Government of Zviad...
- 22 December 1991-6 January 1992
- Tbilisi and Rustavi, Georgia
9 November 1934. Lentekhi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union. Died. 21 January 2020. (2020-01-21) (aged 85) Tbilisi, Georgia. Tengiz Sigua (9 November 1934 – 21 January 2020) [1] was a Georgian politician. He served as Prime Minister of Georgia from November 1992 to August 1993.
Tengiz Sigua. Tengiz Sigua (9 November 1934 – 21 January 2020) was a Georgian politician who served as Prime Minister of Georgia from 1992 to 1993. Sigua was an engineer by profession and entered politics on the eve of the Soviet Union's collapse.
22. Dez. 2023 · Zitierweise Sigua, Tengiz, Indexeintrag: Deutsche Biographie, https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd138197040.html [22.12.2023].
