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The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.
Almost all of the mass of an atom is contained within a tiny (and therefore extremely dense) nucleus which carries a positive electric charge whose value identifies each element and is known as the atomic number of the element.
Learn about the structure, properties, and research of atomic nuclei, the core of every atom. Find out how the DOE Office of Science supports nuclear physics and applications in medicine, commerce, and national defense.
…to a system—such as an atomic nucleus, an atom, or a molecule—that results in its alteration, ordinarily from the condition of lowest energy (ground state) to one of higher energy (excited state).
26. Aug. 2021 · Learn what the atomic nucleus is, how it is composed of protons and neutrons, and how it determines the element and isotope of an atom. Explore the history, models, and properties of the atomic nucleus with examples and references.
20. Mai 2024 · Atom - Proton, Neutron, Nucleus: The constitution of the nucleus was poorly understood at the time because the only known particles were the electron and the proton. It had been established that nuclei are typically about twice as heavy as can be accounted for by protons alone.
The simplest nucleus is that of hydrogen, which is just a single proton, while the largest nucleus studied has nearly 300 nucleons. A nucleus is identified as in the example of Fig. 2-3 by its atomic number Z (i.e., the number of protons), the neutron number, N, and the mass number, A, where A = Z + N. Fig. 2-3.
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