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  1. Principality of Elba. Kingdom of Etruria. United Provinces of Central Italy. Today part of. Italy. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany ( Italian: Granducato di Toscana; Latin: Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1860, replacing the Republic of Florence. [2]

  2. List of grand dukes of Tuscany. The title of Grand Duke of Tuscany was created on August 27, 1569 by a papal bull of Pope Pius V to Cosimo I de' Medici, member of the illustrious House of Medici. His coronation took place in Rome on March 5, 1570, by the hands of the Pope himself. [1]

  3. Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death.

  4. Cosimo de’ Medici (1519–74), great-great-grandson of Lorenzo, became duke of Florence, then grand duke of Tuscany (1569), and reigned as Cosimo I. He established a new dynasty that perpetuated the family’s traditional regard for the arts and sciences.

  5. 17. Apr. 2024 · Cosimo I (born June 12, 1519—died April 21, 1574, Castello, near Florence [Italy]) was the second duke of Florence (1537–74) and first grand duke of Tuscany (1569–74).

    • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  6. Ferdinando De’ Medici. Born: July 30, 1549. Died: Feb. 7, 1609 (aged 59) House / Dynasty: Medici family. Ferdinand I (born July 30, 1549—died Feb. 7, 1609) was the third grand duke ( granduca) of Tuscany (1587–1609), who greatly increased the strength and prosperity of the country.

  7. Ferdinand II succeeded his father Cosimo II (1590-1621) in 1621 as Grand Duke of Tuscany, under the regency of his grandmother, Christina of Lorraine (1565-1636), and his mother, Maria Maddalena of Austria. He fostered maritime commerce, developing Leghorn harbor and signing trade treaties.

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