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Absolute mind is the actuality of human life and the plenitude of universal existence. Apart from Mind they could not even come into existence, and separated from it they could not continue to exist. Their truth and being are in It. But it would be utterly wrong to imagine the Absolute as the sum total of all finite beings and individual beings ...
In philosophy (often specifically metaphysics), the absolute, in most common usage, is a perfect, self-sufficient reality that depends upon nothing external to itself. In theology, the term is also used to designate the supreme being.
In Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Philosophy of Mind (frequently translated as Philosophy of Spirit or Geist), the third part of his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, Hegel discusses three distinct types of mind: the "subjective mind/spirit", the mind of an individual; the "objective mind/spirit", the mind of society and ...
- Historical Context
- Publication History
- Structure
- Important Concepts
- Criticism
- Referencing
- English Translations
- See Also
- References
- Further Reading
Hegel was putting the finishing touches to this book as Napoleon engaged Prussian troops on October 14, 1806, in the Battle of Jena on a plateau outside the city. On the day before the battle, Napoleon entered the city of Jena. Later that same day, Hegel wrote a letter to his friend, the theologian Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer: In 2000, Terry Pink...
The Phenomenology of Spirit was published with the title “System of Science: First Part: The Phenomenology of Spirit”. Some copies contained either "Science of the Experience of Consciousness", or "Science of the Phenomenology of Spirit" as a subtitle between the "Preface" and the "Introduction". On its initial publication, the work was identified ...
The book consists of a Preface (written after the rest was completed), an Introduction, and six major divisions (of greatly varying size).[a] 1. (A) Consciousness is divided into three chapters: 1.1. (I) Sensuous-Certainty, 1.2. (II) Perceiving, and 1.3. (III) Force and the Understanding. 2. (B) Self-Consciousness contains one chapter: 2.1. (IV) Th...
Hegelian dialectic
The famous dialecticalprocess of thesis–antithesis–synthesis has been controversially attributed to Hegel. Regardless of (ongoing) academic controversy regarding the significance of a unique dialectical method in Hegel's writings, it is true, as Professor Howard Kainz (1996) affirms, that there are "thousands of triads" in Hegel's writings. Importantly, instead of using the famous terminology that originated with Kant and was elaborated by J. G. Fichte, Hegel used an entirely different and mo...
Unfolding of species
Hegel describes a sequential progression from inanimate objects to animate creatures to human beings. This is frequently compared to Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory.[citation needed] However, unlike Darwin, Hegel thought that organisms had agency in choosing to develop along this progression by collaborating with other organisms. Hegel understood this to be a linear process of natural development with a predetermined end. He viewed this end teleologically as its ultimate purpose and dest...
Walter Kaufmann, on the question of organisation, argued that Hegel's arrangement, "over half a century before Darwin published his Origin of Species and impressed the idea of evolution on almost everybody's mind, was developmental." The idea is supremely suggestive but, in the end, untenable according to Kaufmann: "The idea of arranging all signif...
The work is usually abbreviated as PdG (Phänomenologie des Geistes), followed by the pagination or paragraph number of the German original edition. It is also abbreviated as PS (The Phenomenology of Spirit) or as PM (The Phenomenology of Mind), followed by the pagination or paragraph number of the English translation used by each author.
G. W. F. Hegel: The Phenomenology of Spirit, translated by Peter Fuss and John Dobbins (University of Notre Dame Press, 2019)Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: The Phenomenology of Spirit (Cambridge Hegel Translations), translated by Terry Pinkard (Cambridge University Press, 2018) ISBN 0-52185579-9Hegel: The Phenomenology of Spirit: Translated with introduction and commentary, translated by Michael Inwood (Oxford University Press, 2018) ISBN 0-19879062-7Phenomenology of Spirit, translated by A. V. Miller with analysis of the text and foreword by J. N. Findlay (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977) ISBN 0-19824597-1Primary
1. Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2018) [1807]. The phenomenology of spirit. Cambridge Hegel Translations. Translated by Pinkard, Terry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139050494. 2. G. W. Hegel (2015). Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: The Science of Logic
Secondary
1. Lawler, James (2014). "Chapter 8: They're Not Just Goddamn Trees: Hegel's Philosophy of Nature and the Avatar of Spirit". In Dunn, G.A.; Irwin, W. (eds.). Avatar and Philosophy: Learning to See. The Blackwell Philosophy and Pop Culture Series. Wiley. pp. 104–114. ISBN 978-1-118-88676-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) 2. H. S. Harris (1997). Hegel's Ladder (Vol 1 & 2) 3. Hyppolite, Jean (1979) [1974]. Genesis and Structure of Hegel's "Phenomenology of Spirit". John Heckman, S...
Davis, Walter A., 1989. Inwardness and Existence: Subjectivity in/and Hegel, Heidegger, Marx and Freud. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-29912014-7.Doull, James (2000). "Hegel's "Phenomenology" and Postmodern Thought" (PDF). Animus. 5. ISSN 1209-0689.Doull, James; Jackson, F. L. (2003). "The Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit" (PDF). Animus. 8. ISSN 1209-0689.Heidegger, Martin, 1988. Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-25332766-0.- G. W. F. Hegel, H. C. Brockmeyer, W. T. Harris
- 1807
Absolut, das Absolute. In attributiver Verwendung bedeutet a.: unbedingt, vollkommen (im Ggs. zu relativ), notwendig (im Ggs. zu bloß hypothetisch); in substantivischer Verwendung bedeutet das A. die Vorstellung einer unbedingten Instanz.
13. Feb. 1997 · In this picture, Hegel is seen as offering a metaphysico-religious view of God qua Absolute Spirit, as the ultimate reality that we can come to know through pure thought processes alone.
22. Sept. 1997 · In short, he made important contributions to a number of classical topics in the philosophy of mind, including materialism, dualism, and mind-body interaction. But Leibniz had much to say about the philosophy of mind that goes well beyond these traditionally important topics.
