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17. Jan. 2019 · This review aims at contributing to putting forward the concept of bureaucracy as initially proposed by Max Weber, discussing it in its potentialities.
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This review aims at contributing to putting forward the...
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1. Jan. 2015 · “Bureaucracy” is the essay where Weber develops his ideas about rationalization to the greatest extent. In doing this, he builds on his earlier writings about social stratification and discipline.
This paper examines four essential characteristics of Weber’s ideal type bureaucracy; defining them and their technical advantages in the context of certain overarching sociological trends. These trends are impersonality, efficiency, and rationality.
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- Introduction
- I. The Specific Functions of the Modern Bureaucracy
- 1. The Amt is a Calling and Profession
- 2. The Personal Position of the Beamte
- III. The Prerequisites for and Side Effects of Bureaucratization
- 2. The Quantitative Nature of Administrative Tasks
- 3. Its Qualitative Change
- 5. The Concentration of the Means of Administration
- 6. The Leveling of Economic and Social Difference
- IV. The Persistent Character of the Bureaucratic Apparatus
- V. The Economic Consequences of Bureaucratization
- VI. Bureaucracy and Its Authoritative Powers
- [1. Defining Bureaucracy’s Powers]
- [2. Rulers and Bureaucratic Power]
- [3. Bureaucracy and Secrecy]
- VII. Development of the Rational Bureaucratic Structure of “Herrschaft”
- [VIII. The “Rationalization” of Bildung and Training]
- [IX. Conclusion: Bureaucracy and Different Administrative Structures]
“Bureaucracy” is the essay where Weber develops his ideas about ratio-nalization to the greatest extent. In doing this, he builds on his earlier writings about social stratification and discipline. What he describes is a world that becomes mechanistic—both in the private or public sector. Weber’s point is that the purely technical advantages of the...
The Principle of Fixed Competencies The Principle of the Hierarchically Organized Amt The Basis of Modern Public Administration in Written Records Technical Training Compulsory Hours of Labour for Beamte The Fixing of Rules II. The Position of the Beamte The Amt is a Calling and Profession The Personal Status/Position of the Beamte Beamte Aim to G...
The Amt is a calling and a profession [Beruf]. First of all, this can be seen by the requirement to complete a prescribed course of studies and to pass subject examinations as a prerequisite for employment. These studies are firmly prescribed and generally require all the prospective Beamte’s working hours for a long period. Furthermore, this can b...
In this context, the personal position of the Beamte is framed as follows: i. Beamte: Aim to Gain and Enjoy a High Appreciation by People in Power The modern Beamte, whether in the public or private sector, always aims to gain and usually enjoys a specifically high “Stand-like” social status relative to the governed people. The social standing of ...
The social and economic prerequisites for the modern form of Amt are the following:
From the start, the actual foundation for administrative bureaucratiza-tion involved the specific development of administrative tasks, par-ticularly their proliferation in quantitative terms. (For instance, in the political domain, the big, territorial states and the mass parties provide the classic ground for bureaucratization.) Yet it is not the ...
However, more so than such quantitative extension, the intensive and qualitative extension was an important cause of bureaucratization as well as the inner unfolding of the scope of administrative functions. The reasons and directions in which this development proceeds are various. In Egypt, the oldest country with a bureaucratic state administra-t...
The bureaucratic structures coincide with the concentration of the mate-rial means of production that are controlled by the Ruler and in the hands of the Ruler. This is a well-known kind of development for private capitalistic large companies for which they are an essential feature. Nevertheless, the same is true for public organizations. Thus, the...
The fact is that, even though bureaucracy is evidently technically supe-rior to all other systems, it developed relatively late. This is because previously it was inhibited in its development. These inhibitions recede only under particular social and political conditions. The bureaucratic organization regularly became the dominant system when the r...
A mature bureaucracy is an almost indestructible social structure. Bureaucratization is the ultimate specific means to turn a (mutually agreed upon) Gemeinschaft action into a rationally organized Gesellschaft action. Thus, bureaucratization serves as a means to establish Gesellschaft ties [Vergesellschaftung] within the structures of domination [H...
It is obvious that the bureaucratic organization of a social entity—and especially of a political entity—regularly has far-reaching economic consequences. Which consequences are there? This hinges naturally on the economic and social distribution of power of individual cases. But it also hinges on the specific field in which the bureaucratic mechan...
Because of this ambiguity, it remains unresolved whether states—especially the modern states where bureaucratization progresses rapidly—also always show signs of an universal increase of bureaucracy’s power within the state.
We mentioned earlier that a bureaucratic organization is technically the most advanced means of power in the hands of those who control it. However, this fact tells us nothing about the degree of forcefulness and power the bureaucracy is able to exert in order to implement its views within the context of the respective social entity. Neither does t...
It does not matter what master a bureaucracy serves. It could be “the people” that are equipped with the “weapons” of legislative initiatives and referendums and are with the power to dismiss Beamte. It could also be a Parliament which is elected on either more autocratic or more “democratic” basis and that has the right (or de facto right) to vote...
Furthermore, every bureaucracy seeks to enhance the superiority of its professionally educated Beamte even more by concealing its knowledge and intentions. Every bureaucratic administration has an inclination to exclude the public. The fact is that the bureaucracy hides its knowledge and its con-duct from criticism as well as it can. For example, t...
Once specialized knowledge increasingly became the basis for the power of the Amt-holders, Rulers became concerned with the question of how to exploit that knowledge without compromising their own position and without abdicating in favor of such knowledge. This happened as qualitative administrative tasks increased and expert knowledge became more ...
These far-reaching general cultural effects that unfold through the advancement of rational, bureaucratic structures of domination can-not be analyzed here. These general cultural effects are independent of the area that bureaucratization occupies. Obviously, the bureaucratiza-tion of dominion [Herrschaft] leads to the advancement of rationalized l...
The bureaucratic organization in its advance had to overcome the mostly negative inhibitions against social leveling, which was required for it to advance further. This point has been addressed several times. Also, bureaucracy crossbred and continues to do so with various administra-tive structures that were based on heterogeneous principles. We al...
understand the Weber’s contribution to the theory of bureaucracy; explains the types of authority; know the elements of bureaucracy; discuss the limitation of the bureaucracy; and. analyse the criticism and relevance of Weberian model to the modern society.
An analysis of the historical evidence sug- gests that charismatic bureaucracies do not ultimately transform themselves, as Weber assumed, into le- gal-rational types but that they remain totalitarian structures, deviating significantly from the ideal type of bureaucracy.
Weber’s ideal bureaucracy is characterized by the following: hierarchical organization. delineated lines of authority with fixed areas of activity. action taken on the basis of, and recorded in, written rules. bureaucratic officials with expert training. rules implemented by neutral officials.
