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  1. simple.wikipedia.org › wiki › Abdul_Hamid_IIAbdul Hamid II - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Abdul Hamid II in the late 19th century as a Sultan. Abdul Hamid II (21 September 1842 – 10 February 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. [1] He was the last sultan to have complete control over the Empire. He was responsible of the Hamidian massacres. Killing between 100.000 - 300.000 Armenians.

  2. de.wikipedia.org › wiki › Abdülhamid_IAbdülhamid I. – Wikipedia

    Abdülhamid I. (geboren 20. März 1725 in Istanbul; gestorben 7. April 1789 ebenda) war vom 21. Januar 1774 bis zu seinem Tod der 27. Sultan des Osmanischen Reiches. Seine Regierungszeit war geprägt durch die Bedrohung durch das Russische Kaiserreich und andere Mächte, wirtschaftliche Krisen, innere Unruhen und Kriege.

  3. islamichistory.org › the-last-great-caliph-abdulhamid-iiThe Last Great Caliph: Abdülhamid II | Islamic History

    Abdülhamid II was the last of the Ottoman sultans who had any real power. He was overthrown in 1909 by a group known as the Young Turks. They were Western-educated liberal secularists who vehemently disagreed with the Islamic direction that Abdülhamid took the empire in from 1876 to 1909. After his overthrow, his brother Mehmed Reshad was ...

  4. www.encyclopedia.com › abdulhamid-iiAbdülhamid II | Encyclopedia.com

    Abdülhamid II. 1842–1918. Ottoman sultan (r. 1876–1909). The reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II began on August 31, 1876, during a period of profound crisis for the Ottoman Empire. In 1878 the sultan inaugurated a new course in domestic and foreign policies that had a lasting impact on the history of modern Turkey and the Middle East.

  5. www.dailysabah.com › arts › portraitSultan Abdülhamid II, a life that influenced a century

    According to historical sources, Abdülhamid II, the son of Sultan Abdülmecid, was born in Istanbul on Sept. 21, 1842. Growing up in the Ottoman palace, he was fluent in many languages, including French, Arabic and Persian. His childhood and youth coincided with the “Tanzimat,” a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began in 1839.

  6. www.hsozkult.de › publicationreview › idRezension zu: F. Georgeon: Abdulhamid II - H-Soz-Kult

    Abdülhamid II. (1876-1909) ist eine der umstrittensten Herrscherpersönlichkeiten der osmanischen Geschichte. Von vielen seiner Zeitgenossen wurde er heftig angegriffen. In Europa und Amerika dominierte nach den Armeniermassakern der Jahre 1894-96 das Bild des „Roten Sultans“. Seine osmanischen Kritiker sahen in ihm den Despoten, der nicht nur eine beispiellose Machtfülle in seinen ...

  7. www.middleeasteye.net › discover › abdulhamid-ii-last-standAbdulhamid II: An autocrat, reformer and the last stand of the...

    29. März 2024 · In 1908, Abdulhamid II was deposed in the Young Turk Revolution. After WWI, the Ottomans lost most of their empire and in 1924, the caliphate, the last remnant of Ottoman vestige, ceased to exist ...