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The Proto-Elamite period, also known as Susa III, is a chronological era in the ancient history of the area of Elam, dating from c. 3100 BC to 2700 BC. In archaeological terms this corresponds to the late Banesh period. Proto-Elamite sites are recognized as the oldest civilization in the territory of present-day Iran.
- Proto-Elamiter
Proto-Elamiter ist eine unscharfe Bezeichnung für die...
- Elamite language
Elamite, also known as Hatamtite and formerly as Susian, is...
- Proto-Elamite script
The Proto-Elamite script is an early Bronze Age writing...
- Proto-Elamiter
Proto-Elamiter ist eine unscharfe Bezeichnung für die älteste bekannte Kultur Irans. Der Begriff umschreibt das Volk, das 3200 bis 2700 v. Chr. im Westen des heutigen Iran in Chusistan lebte.
- Writing System
- Linguistic Typology
- History
- Phonology
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Relations to Other Language Families
- Further Reading
- External Links
The following scripts are known or assumed to have encoded Elamite: 1. Proto-Elamite script is the oldest known writing system from Iran. It was used during a brief period of time (c. 3100–2900 BC); clay tablets with Proto-Elamite writing have been found at different sites across Iran. It is thought to have developed from early cuneiform(proto-cune...
Elamite is an agglutinative language, and its grammar was characterized by an extensive and pervasive nominal class system. Animate nouns have separate markers for first, secondand third person. It can be said to display a kind of Suffixaufnahme in that the nominal class markers of the head are also attached to any modifiers, including adjectives, ...
The history of Elamite is periodised as follows: 1. Old Elamite (c. 2600–1500 BC) 2. Middle Elamite (c. 1500–1000 BC) 3. Neo-Elamite (1000–550 BC) 4. Achaemenid Elamite (550–330 BC) 5. Late Elamite? 6. Khuzi? (Unknown – 1000 AD) Middle Elamite is considered the “classical” period of Elamite, but the best attested variety is Achaemenid Elamite, whic...
Because of the limitations of the language's scripts, its phonology is not well understood. Its consonants included at least stops /p/, /t/ and /k/, sibilants /s/, /ʃ/ and /z/ (with an uncertain pronunciation), nasals /m/ and /n/, liquids /l/ and /r/ and fricative /h/, which was lost in late Neo-Elamite. Some peculiarities of the spelling have been...
Elamite is agglutinative but with fewer morphemes per word than, for example, Sumerian or Hurrian and Urartian. It is mostly suffixing.
Nominal heads are normally followed by their modifiers, but there are occasional inversions. Word order is subject–object–verb (SOV), with indirect objects preceding direct objects, but it becomes more flexible in Achaemenid Elamite. There are often resumptive pronouns before the verb – often long sequences, especially in Middle Elamite (ap u in du...
Elamite is regarded by the vast majority of linguists as a language isolate, as it has no demonstrable relationship to the neighbouring Semitic languages, Indo-European languages, or to Sumerian, despite having adopted the Sumerian-Akkadian cuneiformscript. An Elamo-Dravidian family connecting Elamite with the Brahui language of Pakistan and Dravid...
Basello, Gian Pietro (2011). "Elamite as Administrative Language: From Susa to Persepolis". In Álvarez-Mon, Javier; Garrison, Mark B. (eds.). Elam and Persia. University Park: Penn State University...
Hinz, Walther; Koch, Heidemarie (1987). Elamisches Wörterbuch. Berlin: Reimer. ISBN 978-3-496-00923-8. Part 1: A–H, Part 2: I–Z.The Proto-Elamite script is an early Bronze Age writing system briefly in use before the introduction of Elamite cuneiform. There are many similarities between the Proto-Elamite tablets and the contemporaneous proto-cuneiform tablets of the Uruk IV period in Mesopotamia.
Die elamische oder elamitische Sprache ist die ausgestorbene Sprache der Elamer, eines altorientalischen Volkes im Südwesten des heutigen Iran. Elamische Texte stammen aus der Zeit 2400 bis 350 v. Chr., insgesamt ergibt sich also eine zweitausendjährige Überlieferungsgeschichte.
Proto-Elamite civilization grew up east of the Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plains; it was a combination of the lowlands and the immediate highland areas to the north and east. At least three proto-Elamite states merged to form Elam: Anshan , Awan , and Shimashki.
Proto-elamisch ist daher ein problematischer, aber etablierter Fachbegriff. Das Proto-Elamische wird relativ in die Susa-III-Phase in der Susiana-Ebene datiert mit einem Zentrum in Susa. Auf dem Iranischen Plateau fällt es zeitlich in die mittlere und späte Banesh-Phase.
