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Vor einem Tag · Berlin - Divided City, Cold War, Reunification: Greater Berlin was created in 1920 by fusing 7 districts, 59 country communities, and 27 landed estates into a single association. Twenty resultant districts (now 12) became integral parts of metropolitan Berlin but still remained largely autonomous. At the end of World War II the ...
- The City Layout
Berlin - City Layout, Divisions, History: The original twin...
- The Economy
Berlin - Economy, Manufacturing, Services: To a large...
- Berlin Crisis of 1961
Berlin crisis of 1961, Cold War conflict between the Soviet...
- The City Layout
Berlin was subsequently divided among the four major Allied powers and for over four decades it encapsulated the Cold War confrontation between West and East. With the reunification of Germany in 1990, Berlin was restored as the capital and as a major world city.
24. Nov. 2009 · This Day In History: 08/13/1961 - Berlin is Divided. Shortly after midnight on August 13, 1961, East German soldiers begin laying down barbed wire and bricks as a barrier between...
- 1 Min.
- Overview
- Prelude to the crisis
- Berlin divided
Berlin crisis of 1961, Cold War conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States concerning the status of the divided German city of Berlin. It culminated in the construction of the Berlin Wall in August 1961.
In 1948, when the Soviet Union’s blockade of Berlin prevented Western access to that city, the United States and the United Kingdom responded by initiating the Berlin airlift to keep food and supplies flowing to West Berlin and to maintain its connection to the West. After the blockade was lifted in 1949, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union maintained the status quo in Berlin, whereby each of the former World War II allies governed its own sector and had free access to all other sectors. The free city of West Berlin, surrounded by the communist German Democratic Republic (East Germany), was a Cold War crucible for the United States and the Soviet Union, in which both superpowers repeatedly asserted their claims to dominance in Europe.
Cold War Events
Truman Doctrine
March 12, 1947
Marshall Plan
April 1948 - December 1951
As the new administration of U.S. Pres. John F. Kennedy took office in 1961, the Berlin situation heated up. At the Vienna Summit in June 1961, Khrushchev reiterated his threat that if a Berlin agreement was not achieved by December, the Soviet Union would sign a separate treaty with East Germany (an arrangement that West Berlin Mayor Willy Brandt disparagingly characterized as Khrushchev “marrying himself”). Kennedy made it clear that Berlin was of supreme strategic importance to the United States and that free access to the city had to be maintained.
By July 1961 American officials estimated that over 1,000 East German refugees were crossing into West Berlin each day, an economic and demographic drain that, left unchecked, would spell disaster for the East. On the night of August 12–13, 1961, the East German government, backed by the Soviet Union, began to build a barrier between East Berlin (the Soviet-occupied sector) and West Berlin. The United States did not intervene because the Soviet Union was exercising control over its sector. When Khrushchev’s December 1961 deadline passed without incident, the conflict over the future of the city receded with no further Soviet agitation concerning a treaty.
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- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
15. Dez. 2009 · In just two weeks, the East German army, police force and volunteer construction workers had completed a makeshift barbed wire and concrete block wall–the Berlin Wall–that divided one side of...
The Berlin Wall came to represent the ideological divisions of the Cold War. At the end of the Second World War, Germany was divided into four zones of occupation under the control of the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union. Berlin, although located within the Soviet zone, was also split amongst the four powers.
8. Nov. 2019 · For nearly 30 years, Berlin was divided not just by ideology, but by a concrete barrier that snaked through the city, serving as an ugly symbol of the Cold War.
