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Vor 4 Tagen · Numeric Operators The table below shows the available mathematical operators for numeric types. Operator Description Example Result + addition 2 + 3 5 - subtraction 2 - 3 -1 * multiplication 2 * 3 6 / float division 5 / 2 2.5 // division 5 // 2 2 % modulo (remainder) 5 % 4 1 ** exponent 3 ** 4 81 ^ exponent (alias for **) 3 ^ 4 81 & bitwise AND 91 & 15 11 | bitwise OR 32 | 3 35 << bitwise ...
Vor 4 Tagen · To perform a group by sum in R, you can use the aggregate() function from the base R package. Alternatively, you can use the group_by() function along with summarise() from the dplyr package. Both methods allow grouping a data frame based on a particular column and calculating the sum of a numeric variable within each group.
Vor 4 Tagen · Here, the Laplacian operator comes handy. The Laplacian operator is defined by: L a p l a c e ( f) = ∂ 2 f ∂ x 2 + ∂ 2 f ∂ y 2. The Laplacian operator is implemented in OpenCV by the function Laplacian () . In fact, since the Laplacian uses the gradient of images, it calls internally the Sobel operator to perform its computation.
Vor 5 Tagen · The is.na() function in R determines if a particular data frame column value equals NA. When a value is NA, it generates TRUE, otherwise FALSE. So by specifying it within square brackets, it replaces NA with an empty string. This method facilitates the replacement of NA values with an empty string in an R data frame. Syntax:
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Vor 4 Tagen · By using bracket notation on the R data frame (data.frame) we can select rows by column value, by index, by name, by condition, etc. You can also use the R base function subset() to get the same results. Besides these, R also provides another function dplyr::filter() to get the rows from the DataFrame. If you have data.table then use the ...
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