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Vor 6 Tagen · A patient who is healthy and at rest should have a respiratory rate and rhythm that is not labored with passive exhalation. This is known as normal breathing. However, some patients may show signs of an abnormal breathing pattern, which can occur due to a variety of neurological and cardiopulmonary conditions.
25. Okt. 2023 · 6 ways shallow breathing affects the body. It's easy to underestimate the role of breathing since it happens so automatically, but how you breathe can profoundly impact your wellbeing. 1. Reduced oxygen intake: With shallow breathing, you might not supply enough crucial oxygen to your body and brain.
Key findings include effects on respiratory muscle activity, ventilation efficiency, chemoreflex and baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, blood flow dynamics, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cardiorespiratory coupling, and sympathovagal balance.
- Marc A. Russo, Danielle M. Santarelli, Dean O’Rourke
- 10.1183/20734735.009817
- 2017
- Breathe (Sheff). 2017 Dec; 13(4): 298-309.
- Overview
- What is respiratory depression?
- Common causes
- Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Summary
Respiratory depression refers to a slow, shallow breathing rate. Doctors may call it “hypoventilation”. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, frequent yawns, and an increased heart rate.
The brain controls the respiratory drive. Therefore, anything that affects the function of the central nervous system, including the brain, can cause respiratory depression.
In mild cases, the person may not notice any symptoms, or hypoventilatory changes. In other cases, they may have slow and shallow breathing.
Oxygen therapy and respiration machines may help treat respiratory depression, depending on its severity. Without treatment, respiratory depression can cause life threatening complications and even death.
Respiratory depression happens when the lungs fail to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen efficiently. This dysfunction leads to a buildup of carbon dioxide in the body, which can result in health complications.
A common symptom of respiratory depression is taking breaths that are slower and shallower than normal.
In most cases, breathing rates are as low as 8–10 breaths per minute. The normal breathing rate of a healthy adult is 12–20 breaths per minute.
Respiratory depression can cause acid to build up in the body and lead to respiratory acidosis, a life threatening condition associated with organ failure.
Certain medications and substances can cause respiratory depression or increase a person’s risk. These include sedative medication, narcotic pain medications, and other substances that depress brain function, such as alcohol and certain illegal drugs.
Some health conditions can also cause respiratory depression.
Common causes include:
•overdose of an opiate or opioid, such as morphine, tramadol, heroin, or fentanyl
•the use of opioids or anesthetics before, during, or after surgery
•stroke that affects the lower brain stem
The symptoms of respiratory depression depend on its severity. In more severe cases, the symptoms become more evident.
Symptoms of respiratory depression include:
•confusion
•disorientation
•lethargy
•fatigue
A doctor will usually begin a diagnosis by asking questions about the person’s symptoms and reviewing their medical history and medication profile. They will then perform a physical exam to look for signs of abnormal breathing and heart rhythms.
After an initial visit, a doctor will usually order diagnostic tests to help confirm respiratory depression and evaluate its severity.
These tests may include:
•urine and serum drug screens
•alcohol level
•screening for other toxins
Therapies and medications that doctors commonly use to treat respiratory depression include:
•oxygen therapy
•fluid therapy, either intravenous or oral
•continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines
•bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) machines
•mechanical ventilation
It is not possible to prevent all cases of respiratory depression, such as those that are due to accidents or sudden disease. However, other cases are preventable.
Ways to reduce the chances of developing the condition include:
•avoiding sedative medications or taking extra precautions when using them
•monitoring children who are taking prescribed medications
•avoiding excessive alcohol use
•avoiding or taking extra precautions when using narcotic medications
Respiratory depression, or hypoventilation, happens when the lungs do not effectively exchange the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide. It can lead to complications, such as respiratory acidosis, and, without treatment, it can be fatal.
Causes include medical conditions that affect the brain, such as a stroke, and medications or recreational drugs that impair the function of the central nervous system.
24. Juni 2023 · Ariel Skelley / Getty Images. Cheyne-Stokes Breathing Pattern. During Cheyne-Stokes respirations, the breathing may seem erratic, but it occurs in a relatively consistent, three-part cycle: Bradypnea : Very deep, slow breathing. Tachypnea : Fast, shallow breathing. Apnea : Temporary stoppage of breathing.
Shallow breathing can turn into panic attacks, cause dry mouth and fatigue, aggravate respiratory problems, and is a precursor for cardiovascular issues. This breathing pattern also creates tension in other parts of the body and can lead to a lot of everyday problems.
18. Okt. 2022 · SCIENCE. How Does Breathing Affect Your Brain? Neuroscientist are piecing together how the rhythm of respiration influences everything from cognition to emotion. Greg Miller, Knowable Magazine....
