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Alchemy (from Arabic: al-kīmiyā; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, khumeía) is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practised in China, India, the Muslim world, and Europe.
- Overview
- Nature and significance
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Alchemy was a form of speculative thought that, among other aims, tried to transform base metals such as lead or copper into silver or gold. It also sought to discover cures for diseases and a way of extending life.
What are the metals of alchemy?
Gold, silver, copper, lead, iron, and tin are the metals of alchemy. Mercury and sulfur were also crucial to alchemy.
Which is the oldest known Chinese text on alchemy?
The oldest known Chinese alchemical treatise is the Chou-i ts’an t’ung ch’i (“Commentary on the I Ching”). It is mainly an apocryphal interpretation of the I Ching, an ancient classic, relating alchemy to the mystical mathematics of the 64 hexagrams (six-line figures used for divination).
alchemy, a form of speculative thought that, among other aims, tried to transform base metals such as lead or copper into silver or gold and to discover a cure for disease and a way of extending life.
That both astrology and alchemy may be regarded as fundamental aspects of thought is indicated by their apparent universality. It is notable, however, that the evidence is not equally substantial in all times and places. Evidence from ancient Middle America (Aztecs, Mayans) is still almost nonexistent; evidence from India is tenuous and from ancient China, Greece, and Islamic lands is only relatively more plentiful. A single manuscript of some 80,000 words is the principal source for the history of Greek alchemy. Chinese alchemy is largely recorded in about 100 “books” that are part of the Taoist canon. Neither Indian nor Islamic alchemy has ever been collected, and scholars are thus dependent for their knowledge of the subject on occasional allusions in works of natural philosophy and medicine, plus a few specifically alchemical works.
Nor is it really clear what alchemy was (or is). The word is a European one, derived from Arabic, but the origin of the root word, chem, is uncertain. Words similar to it have been found in most ancient languages, with different meanings, but conceivably somehow related to alchemy. In fact, the Greeks, Chinese, and Indians usually referred to what Westerners call alchemy as “The Art,” or by terms denoting change or transmutation.
Alchemy is a form of speculative thought that tried to transform base metals into gold and to discover a cure for disease and a way of extending life. Learn about the origins, methods, goals, and significance of alchemy in different cultures and times.
Als Alchemie oder Alchimie (auch Alchymie; griechisch-arabisch-mittellateinisch alkimia, neulateinisch alchymia, auch Alchimia, frühneuhochdeutsch alchimei, alchemey [1] [2]) bezeichnet man ab dem 1./2. Jahrhundert die Lehre von den Eigenschaften der Stoffe und ihren Reaktionen.
24. Aug. 2023 · Alchemy is an ancient practice aimed at recreating precious substances using recipes and transformative materials such as the philosopher's stone. Alchemists believed that materials like gold, silver, gems, and purple dye could be recreated if the right combination of ingredients and transformative methods were found.
Alchemie. Die Alchemie (auch Alchymie oder Alchimie) ist ein alter Zweig der Naturphilosophie und wurde im 17./18. Jahrhundert nach und nach von der modernen Chemie und Pharmakologie abgelöst. Oft wird angenommen, die „Herstellung“ von Gold ( Goldsynthese) und anderen Edelmetallen (Edelmetallsynthese) sei das einzige Ziel der Alchemisten ...
