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Russell's sign, named after British psychiatrist Gerald Russell, is a sign defined as calluses on the knuckles or back of the hand due to repeated self-induced vomiting over long periods of time.
8. März 2023 · What is Russell's sign? Russell's sign is a pattern of calluses on the knuckles or back of the hand due to frequent purging (via self-induced vomiting) over a long period of time. It is a key indicator of bulimia nervosa.
- Overview
- What is Russell’s sign?
- Bulimia nervosa
- Anorexia nervosa
- Is Russell’s sign always due to an eating disorder?
- When to speak with a doctor
- Getting support
- Summary
Russell’s sign is a physical indicator that may occur in people who engage in self-induced vomiting. People with Russell’s sign may have calluses, abrasions, or scars on the knuckles or back of their hands.
Russell’s sign is a physical symptom found in some people with eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa. The abrasions can occur when someone repeatedly uses the fingers to induce vomiting, causing the skin on the knuckles to rub against the teeth.
However, other activities that cause friction against the back of the hand or knuckles can also lead to these calluses. Russell’s sign does not always indicate an eating disorder.
This article looks at the conditions that may cause Russell’s sign, including their symptoms and treatment, when to speak with a doctor, and how to get support with an eating disorder.
When a person inserts their fingers into their mouth and throat to trigger their gag reflex to induce vomiting, the skin on the knuckles or back of the hand rubs against the teeth.
Over time, this repeated action can cause damage to the skin, resulting in the formation of calluses, abrasions, or scars, collectively referred to as Russell’s sign.
Symptoms
The repeated act of self-induced vomiting can lead to the development of Russell’s sign. Other symptoms of bulimia nervosa may include: •eating large amounts of food in a short period •dental problems, including enamel erosion •feelings of guilt, shame, or anxiety after eating •hiding food or eating in secret •mood swings or depression •noticeable fluctuations in weight •obsession with food, dieting, or exercise •preoccupation with body shape and weight •stomach cramps or other gastrointestinal problems •swelling of the cheeks or jaw area •dizziness or fainting due to dehydration
Treatment
Treatment options for bulimia nervosa typically aim to help stop binging and purging behaviors, including the following: •Psychotherapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may benefit people with bulimia nervosa by helping them understand and change unhealthy eating behaviors and negative body image. •Medication: Antidepressants, such as fluoxetine (Prozac), may help manage symptoms. •Nutritional counseling: A registered dietitian can help develop a healthy eating plan and promote a new, healthier relationship with food. •Hospitalization: In people with severe cases or significant medical complications, hospitalization may be necessary.
Symptoms
Symptoms of anorexia nervosa may include the following: •brittle nails and hair loss •a distorted body image •dizziness or fainting •cold intolerance •a fear of gaining weight •muscle weakness •severe bloating or constipation after meals •osteopenia or osteoporosis
Treatment
According to a 2021 review article, current treatment approaches for anorexia nervosa may include: •Psychotherapy: Family-based therapy (FBT) is often the first-line treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Individual therapy, such as CBT, may be more appropriate for adults. •Medication: There is currently no medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for anorexia nervosa. However, some medications, including antidepressants, may help manage associated symptoms, such as anxiety or depression. Some people with anorexia nervosa may require hospitalization if their symptoms are severe.
Russell’s sign can indicate eating disorders, particularly bulimia nervosa and the binge-purge subtype of anorexia nervosa, as it often results from the repeated action of self-induced vomiting.
However, someone can have calluses or abrasions on their knuckles from other activities or conditions that cause repeated friction on the hands, such as certain types of manual labor or martial arts training.
People should speak with a doctor if they notice they experience symptoms of an eating disorder. Early intervention is crucial for successful treatment and recovery.
Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that often require a multidisciplinary approach to treatment.
However, to treat Russell’s sign, doctors may suggest the following:
•soaking affected areas in warm water to soften the skin
•gently file calluses with a pumice stone
•apply moisturizer and lotion
In the United States, there are several organizations and places where people can seek support for eating disorders:
•National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA): NEDA provides support services, resources, and information on treatment options.
•Eating Disorder Hope: This organization offers recovery tools, information, and resources for those experiencing eating disorders. They also offer online support groups.
•National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD): ANAD offers support groups, recovery mentors, and other resources for people and families affected by eating disorders.
•FindTreatment.gov: This is a searchable database of treatment facilities provided by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
People should speak with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options. A doctor may be able to suggest local support groups and other resources.
Not everyone with an eating disorder will develop Russell’s sign, and its presence does not definitively confirm an eating disorder.
However, Russell’s sign can indicate self-induced vomiting and may raise suspicion of an eating disorder, such as bulimia nervosa.
21. März 2024 · Als Russell-Zeichen bezeichnet man Hyperkeratosen (Hornschwielen) über den Fingergrundgelenken. Diese enstehen bei häufigem selbstinduzierten Erbrechen (digitales Auslösen des Würgereflexes) durch den Kontakt der Haut über den Knöcheln mit den Schneidezähnen.
20. Mai 2021 · Russell's sign, named after British psychiatrist Gerald Russell, is a sign defined as calluses on the knuckles or back of the hand due to repeated self-induced vomiting over long periods of time.
Bulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder that can cause significant wear on the hands and the knuckles specifically, resulting in something called Russell’s sign (also referred to as “bulimia hands”). This occurs primarily because of the incisors repeatedly grinding against the skin when a person induces vomiting.
4. Dez. 2023 · Explore the significance of Russell's Sign, a crucial physical indicator in diagnosing eating disorders like bulimia nervosa. Understand its characteristics, associated conditions, and the importance of early detection for effective treatment. This comprehensive guide delves into the history, symptoms, and treatment approaches ...
