Suchergebnisse
Suchergebnisse:
Lage Islands zu Grönland, Großbritannien und Skandinavien. Island ( isländisch Ísland [ ˈist͡länt] ‚Eisland‘) ist ein Inselstaat im äußersten Nordwesten Europas. Mit rund 103.000 Quadratkilometern (davon Landfläche 100.250 und Wasserfläche 2.750 Quadratkilometer; mit Fischereizone 758.000 Quadratkilometer) ist Island ...
- Deutsch
Reykjavík vom Turm der Hallgrímskirkja. Reykjavík...
- Isländische Krone
Die Isländische Krone (isländisch íslensk króna, Mehrzahl...
- Isländische Sprache
Phonologie. Siehe auch: Isländische Aussprache Konsonanten....
- Deutsch
Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland, pronounced ⓘ) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is linked culturally and politically with Europe and is the region's most sparsely populated country.
- Geological Background
- Early History
- Settlement
- Commonwealth
- Iceland Under Norwegian and Danish Kings
- Republic of Iceland
- Historiography
- Bibliography
- External Links
In geological terms, Iceland is a young island. It started to form in the Miocene era about 20 million years ago from a series of volcanic eruptions on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where it lies between the North American and Eurasian plates. These plates spread at a rate of approximately 2.5 centimeters per year. This elevated portion of the ridge is k...
Iceland remained, for a long time, one of the world's last uninhabited larger islands (the others being New Zealand and Madagascar). It has been suggested that the land called Thule by the Greek geographer Pytheas (fourth century BCE) was actually Iceland, although it seems highly unlikely considering Pytheas' description of it as an agricultural c...
The first permanent settler in Iceland is usually considered to have been a Norwegian chieftain named Ingólfr Arnarson and his wife, Hallveig Fróðadóttir. According to the Landnámabók, he threw two carved pillars (Öndvegissúlur) overboard as he neared land, vowing to settle wherever they landed. He then sailed along the coast until the pillars were...
In 930, the ruling chiefs established an assembly called the Alþingi (Althing). The parliament convened each summer at Þingvellir, where representative chieftains (Goðorðsmenn or Goðar) amended laws, settled disputes and appointed juries to judge lawsuits. Laws were not written down but were instead memorized by an elected Lawspeaker (lǫgsǫgumaðr)....
Norwegian rule
Little changed in the decades following the treaty. Norway's consolidation of power in Iceland was slow, and the Althing intended to hold onto its legislative and judicial power. Nonetheless, the Christian clergy had unique opportunities to accumulate wealth via the tithe, and power gradually shifted to ecclesiastical authorities as Iceland's two bishops in Skálholt and Hólaracquired land at the expense of the old chieftains. Around the time Iceland became a vassal state of Norway, a climate...
Kalmar Union
Iceland remained under Norwegian kingship until 1380, when the death of Olaf II of Denmark extinguished the Norwegian male royal line. Norway (and thus Iceland) then became part of the Kalmar Union, along with Sweden and Denmark, with Denmark as the dominant power. Unlike Norway, Denmark did not need Iceland's fish and homespun wool. This created a dramatic deficit in Iceland's trade. The small Greenland colony, established in the late 10th century, died out completely before 1500. With the i...
Foreign merchants and fishermen
English and German merchants became more prominent in Iceland at the start of the 15th century. Some historians refer to the 15th century as the "English Age" in Iceland's history, due to the prominence of English traders and fishing fleets. What drew foreigners to Iceland was primarily fishing in the fruitful waters off the coast of Iceland. The Icelandic trade was important to some British ports; for example, in Hull, the Icelandic trade accounted for more than ten percent of Hull's total t...
Founding of the republic
On 31 December 1943, the Act of Union agreement expired after 25 years. Beginning on 20 May 1944, Icelanders voted in a four-day plebiscite on whether to terminate the personal union with the King of Denmark and establish a republic. The vote was 97% in favour of ending the union and 95% in favour of the new republican constitution. Iceland became an independent republic on 17 June 1944, with Sveinn Björnsson as its first president. Denmark was still occupied by Germany at the time. Danish Ki...
NATO membership, US defense agreement, and the Cold War
In October 1946, the Icelandic and United States governments agreed to terminate U.S. responsibility for the defense of Iceland, but the United States retained certain rights at Keflavík, such as the right to re-establish a military presence there, should war threaten. Iceland became a charter member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 30 March 1949, with the reservation that it would never take part in offensive action against another nation. The membership came amid an anti-...
Cod Wars
The Cod Wars were a series of militarized interstate disputesbetween Iceland and the United Kingdom from the 1950s to the mid-1970s. The Proto Cod War (1952–1956) revolved around Iceland's extension of its fishery limits from 3 to 4 nautical miles. The First Cod War (1958–1961) was fought over Iceland's extension from 4 to 12 nautical miles (7 to 22 km). The Second Cod War (1972–1973) occurred when Iceland extended the limits to 50 miles (93 km). The Third Cod War (1975–1976) was fought over...
Division of history into named periods
While it is convenient to divide history into named periods, it is also misleading because the course of human events neither starts nor ends abruptly in most cases, and movements and influences often overlap. One period in Icelandic history, as Gunnar Karlsson describes, can be considered the period from 930 CE to 1262–1264, when there was no central government or leader, political power being characterised by chieftains ("goðar"). This period is referred to therefore as the þjóðveldisöld or...
Axel Kristinsson. "Is there any tangible proof that there were Irish monks in Iceland before the time of the Viking settlements?" (2005) in English in IcelandicBergsteinn Jónsson and Björn Þorsteinsson. "Íslandssaga til okkar daga" Sögufélag. Reykjavík. (1991) (in Icelandic) ISBN 9979-9064-4-8Byock, Jesse. Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas and Power University of California Press (1988) ISBN 0-520-06954-4 ISBN 0-226-52680-1Guðmundur Hálfdanarson;"Starfsmaður | Háskóli Íslands". Hug.hi.is. Retrieved 31 January 2010. "Historical Dictionary of Iceland" Scarecrow Press. Maryland, USA. (1997) ISBN 0-8108-3352-2The physical anthropology of the mediaeval Icelanders with special reference to their racial origin Manuscriptat Dartmouth College LibraryIsland ist eine große Insel im Nordatlantik. Sie liegt auf dem Reykjanesrücken genannten, nordöstlichen Teil des Mittelatlantischen Rückens und übersteigt als einziger größerer Teil dieses Meeresrückens den Meeresspiegel. Die Insel befindet sich knapp südlich des Nördlichen Polarkreises etwa 250 km südöstlich von ...
Dieses Portal gibt einen Überblick der derzeit 4922 Artikel zum Themenbereich Island in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia.
Vor einem Tag · Iceland, island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean. Lying on the constantly active geologic border between North America and Europe, Iceland is a land of vivid contrasts of climate, geography, and culture. The country’s capital is Reykjavik. Learn more about Iceland, including its history.
Island ist ein Inselstaat im äußersten Nordwesten Europas. Mit rund 103.000 Quadratkilometern ist Island – nach dem Vereinigten Königreich – der flächenmäßig zweitgrößte Inselstaat Europas. Die Hauptinsel ist die größte Vulkaninsel der Erde und befindet sich knapp südlich des nördlichen Polarkreises. Island ist Mitglied der EFTA, des Europäischen Wirtschaftsraums, des ...
