Suchergebnisse
Suchergebnisse:
Presidential system in administrative divisions. Dependencies of the United States American Samoa Puerto Rico; Special administrative regions of China Hong Kong Macau; Former presidential republics. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021) Armenia (1998–2013) Azerbaijan SSR/ Azerbaijan (1990–1991, 1992–2016)
Presidential system: Head of government (president) is popularly elected and independent of the legislature. Presidential republic. Hybrid systems: Semi-presidential republic: Executive president is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature.
Some parliamentary republics could therefore be seen as following the semi-presidential system but operating under a parliamentary system. Historical development. Typically, parliamentary republics are states that were previously constitutional monarchies with a parliamentary system.
Country/territoryHead Of StateHead Of State Elected ByCameral StructureParliament, by three-fifths majorityUnicameralParliament, by absolute majorityUnicameralParliamentUnicameralParliament, by two-thirds majority if ...Bicameral31. Jan. 2024 · Although the presidential republic is ‘scarcely adequate’ in the former Soviet space, Blondel sees the presidential republic as reasonably successful, which explains its attractiveness for ‘new’ countries. This suggests that it is no longer the case that the USA constitutes an exception.
This weighty book takes the debate on Presidential leadership beyond the Anglo-American context to the neglected cases of Latin America (over 200 years), the former Soviet Union and South East Asia. Just to have a focussed discussion of politics in these countries is invaluable.
19. Jan. 2024 · Using a new dataset for all European democracies since 1848, we show that presidential elections undermine party system closure in two ways: (1) by confounding patterns of government formation (notably under powerful presidencies) and (2) by disturbing electoral/legislative politics, which in turn affect executive politics.
28. Okt. 2020 · In the former the parliament is the only institution democratically legitimated, while the presidential systems are based on a «double democratic legitimacy» directed towards the parliament and the elective presidency at the same time (Linz 1994).
