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1. plato.stanford.edu › entries › wittgensteinLudwig Wittgenstein - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

   plato.stanford.edu › entries › wittgenstein

   8. Nov. 2002 · Ludwig Wittgenstein. Considered by some to be the greatest philosopher of the 20th century, Ludwig Wittgenstein played a central, if controversial, role in mid-20th-century analytic philosophy. He continues to influence, and incur debate in, current philosophical thought in topics as diverse as logic and language, perception and intention ...

2. plato.stanford.edu › entries › socratesSocrates (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

   plato.stanford.edu › entries › socrates

   16. Sept. 2005 · The philosopher Socrates remains, as he was in his lifetime (469–399 B.C.E.), [ 1] an enigma, an inscrutable individual who, despite having written nothing, is considered one of the handful of philosophers who forever changed how philosophy itself was to be conceived. All our information about him is second-hand and most of it vigorously ...

3. plato.stanford.edu › entries › kantImmanuel Kant - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

   plato.stanford.edu › entries › kant

   20. Mai 2010 · Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) is the central figure in modern philosophy. He synthesized early modern rationalism and empiricism, set the terms for much of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, and continues to exercise a significant influence today in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, and ...

4. plato.stanford.edu › entries › conceptsConcepts (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

   plato.stanford.edu › entries › concepts

   7. Nov. 2005 · First published Mon Nov 7, 2005; substantive revision Mon Jun 17, 2019. Concepts are the building blocks of thoughts. Consequently, they are crucial to such psychological processes as categorization, inference, memory, learning, and decision-making. This much is relatively uncontroversial.

5. plato.stanford.edu › entries › epistemology-bayesianBayesian Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

   plato.stanford.edu › entries › epistemology-bayesian

   13. Juni 2022 · Bayesian Epistemology. First published Mon Jun 13, 2022. We can think of belief as an all-or-nothing affair. For example, I believe that I am alive, and I don’t believe that I am a historian of the Mongol Empire. However, often we want to make distinctions between how strongly we believe or disbelieve something.

6. plato.stanford.edu › entries › models-scienceModels in Science - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

   plato.stanford.edu › entries › models-science

   27. Feb. 2006 · Models are of central importance in many scientific contexts. The centrality of models such as inflationary models in cosmology, general-circulation models of the global climate, the double-helix model of DNA, evolutionary models in biology, agent-based models in the social sciences, and general-equilibrium models of markets in their respective domains is a case in point (the Other Internet ...

7. plato.stanford.edu › entries › nietzsche-moral-politicalNietzsche’s Moral and Political Philosophy - Stanford ...

   plato.stanford.edu › entries › nietzsche-moral-political

   26. Aug. 2004 · Nietzsche’s Moral and Political Philosophy. First published Thu Aug 26, 2004; substantive revision Thu Feb 27, 2020. Nietzsche’s moral philosophy is primarily critical in orientation: he attacks morality both for its commitment to untenable descriptive (metaphysical and empirical) claims about human agency, as well as for the deleterious ...