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30. Juni 2021 · What we know about 'unknown unknowns' Timeline: Iraq war ; After Ford lost out to Jimmy Carter and left office in 1977, Rumsfeld moved into the private sector while maintaining some part-time ...
30. März 2014 · Errol Morris turns the lens on Donald Rumsfeld in his newest documentary, The Unknown Known. It's similar to Morris' The Fog Of War — except this time, to his disappointment, he doesn't learn much.
9. Juli 2021 · But it is quite noteworthy that Rumsfeld omitted the obvious fourth category—unknown knowns—and contrary to his statement that it is “unknown unknowns” that tend to be the most difficult ones, I would suggest that unknown knowns pose the most difficult problems for people and nations to address. What is an unknown known? Logic would ...
The Known-Unknown Matrix became widely known through an infamous February 2002 press conference in which former U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld explained his thinking as he evaded questions about the lack of evidence of the Iraqi government with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups.
Donald Rumsfeld 1932–American Republican politician and businessman. Learn to say, ‘I don't know.’. If used when appropriate, it will be often. If you are not criticized, you may not be doing much. Look for what's missing. Many advisers can tell a president how to improve what's proposed, or what's gone amiss.
unknowns and unknown unknowns, it is helpful to begin with the more fundamental distinction he draws between knowns and unknowns. According to Rumsfeld, knowns are those ‘things…we know’, while unknowns are those ‘things we do not know’ (Rumsfeld, 2002A) or, equivalently, ‘gaps in our knowledge’ (Rumsfeld, 2011, xiv).
13. Jan. 2021 · Two uncertainties – known and unknown unknowns – largely define the sectoral discussion of uncertainty. We begin with the logic of Donald Rumsfeld and his categorisation of uncertainties; his argument that while known unknowns may be significant, it is the unknown unknowns that will prove the most challenging. These two uncertainties ...
