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Proto-languages are usually unattested, or partially attested at best. They are reconstructed by way of the comparative method. In the family tree metaphor, a proto-language can be called a mother language. Occasionally, the German term Ursprache (from Ur-"primordial, original", and Sprache "language", pronounced [ˈuːɐ̯ʃpʁaːxə] ⓘ) is ...
The Germanic languages are a group of Indo-European languages. They came from one language, Proto-Germanic, which was first spoken in Scandinavia in the Iron Age. Today, the Germanic languages are spoken by around 515 million people as a first language. [1] English is the most spoken Germanic language, with 360-400 million native speakers.
Other articles where Proto-Germanic language is discussed: Indo-European languages: Changes in morphology: Proto-Germanic had only six cases, the functions of ablative (place from which) and locative (place in which) being taken over by constructions of preposition plus the dative case. In Modern English these are reduced to two cases in nouns, a general case that does duty…
Under that view, the properties that the West Germanic languages have in common, separate from the North Germanic languages, are not necessarily inherited from a "Proto-West-Germanic" language, but may have spread by language contact among the Germanic languages spoken in Central Europe, not reaching those spoken in Scandinavia or reaching them much later. Rhotacism, for example, was largely ...
Below is a partial list of proto-languages that have been reconstructed, ... Proto-Germanic. Proto-Norse; Proto-Italic. Proto-Romance. Common Romanian; Proto-Afroasiatic . Proto-Semitic. Proto-Arabic; Proto-Northeast Caucasian; Proto-Ura ...
While Proto-Indo-European was a Government Language, and Proto-Germanic as well, residues of the earlier Active stage may be expected in accordance with section 1.3.3 above. Some of these have been maintained to the time of Proto-Germanic, of which two are noted here.
East Germanic is one of the primary branches of Germanic languages, along with North Germanic and West Germanic . The only East Germanic language of which texts are known is Gothic, although a word list and some short sentences survive from the debatedly-related Crimean Gothic. Other East Germanic languages include Vandalic and Burgundian ...
