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Learn about the layers of the leaf, including the epidermis, the mesophyll, and the vascular bundles. See how leaves are adapted to different environments based on their size, shape, and features.
- Cuticle
- Upper Epidermis
- Palisade Mesophyll Layer
- Spongy Mesophyll Layer
- Lower Epidermis
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It is the waxy layer of the leaf secreted by the epidermis, a thin layer of leaf present just below the cuticle. It performs the following functions: 1. Preventing excessive water loss from the leaves through transpiration 2. Controlling the exchange of gases such as dioxide and oxygen from the leaf surface Giving mechanical support and thus preven...
It is a thin layer of cells below the cuticle. Mostly they are devoid of chloroplasts and thus do not perform photosynthesis. The upper epidermis performs the following functions: 1. Preventing excessive water loss from the leaves through transpiration 2. Allowing sunlight to pass through the spaces between the cells and thus helping to initiate ph...
It is found just below the upper epidermis and is thus also called the upper leaf cells. They consist of columnar cells arranged vertically beside each other, much like the columns of a building. The columnar cells are tightly packed to maximize the absorption of sunlight. Sometimes it can consist of several layers of cells, particularly in environ...
This layer is found below the palisade layer. Also called the lower leaf cells, the spongy layer consists of irregularly shaped cells consisting of the vascular tissues – xylemand phloem, forming the vascular bundles. The vascular tissues are surrounded by parenchymal pith and collenchymas. The cells contain minute pores called stomata (Singular: s...
It is located on the bottom side of the leaves below the spongy mesophyll layer of cells. Stomata are essential structures in the lower epidermis. There may be up to one million stomata per square centimeter. Each stoma is flanked by kidney-shaped epidermal cells called guard cells. The guard cells control the opening and closing of stoma based on ...
Learn how leaves are complex organs with three main types of tissues: epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular. Discover the different layers of a leaf and their roles in photosynthesis, respiration, and gas exchange.
Learn about the structure and function of leaves, the primary sites of photosynthesis for plants. Explore the diversity of leaf types, shapes, margins, venation, and modifications.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis is a parenchyma (ground tissue) or chlorenchyma tissue called the mesophyll (Greek for "middle leaf"). This assimilation tissue is the primary location of photosynthesis in the plant.
Leaf tissue consists of the epidermis, which forms the outermost cell layer, and mesophyll and vascular tissue, which make up the inner portion of the leaf. In some plant species, leaf form is modified to form structures such as tendrils, spines, bud scales, and needles.
Learn about the layers, cells, and tissues of a leaf, and how they perform photosynthesis, gas exchange, and support. See diagrams, photos, and examples of leaf anatomy and veins.
Learn how the vascular tissues, stomata, and mesophyll cells of leaves enable photosynthesis. See 3D models and animations of leaf anatomy and function.
