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Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine (saltwater) ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as cetaceans ( whales , dolphins and porpoises ), pinnipeds ( seals , sea lions and walruses ), sirenians ( manatees and dugongs ), sea otters and polar bears .
- List of marine mammal species
Marine mammals comprise over 130 living and recently extinct...
- Military marine mammal
A military marine mammal is a cetacean or pinniped that has...
- Marine Mammal Science
Marine Mammal Science. Die Zeitschrift Marine Mammal Science...
- List of marine mammal species
- Taxonomy and Evolution
- Adaptations
- Ecology
- Interactions with Humans
- See Also
- Further Reading
Groups
1. This list covers only mammals that live in freshwater. For a list of saltwater mammals, see Marine mammal. 1. Order Sirenia: sirenians 1.1. Family Trichechidae: manatees 1.1.1. Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) 1.1.2. African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis) 2. Order Cetartiodactyla: even-toed ungulates 2.1. Suborder Whippomorpha 2.1.1. Family Platanistidae 2.1.1.1. Ganges river dolphin, or susu (Platanista gangetica) 2.1.1.2. Indus river dolphin, or bhulan (Platanista minor) 2.1.2....
Marine mammals
Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean for their existence. They include animals such as sea lions, whales, dugongs, sea otters and polar bears. Like other aquatic mammals, they do not represent a biological grouping. Marine mammal adaptation to an aquatic lifestyle vary considerably between species. Both cetaceans and sirenians are fully aquatic and therefore are obligate ocean dwellers. Pinnipeds are semiaquatic; they spend the majority of their time in the water, but nee...
Mammals evolved on land, so all aquatic and semiaquatic mammals have brought many terrestrial adaptations into the waters. They do not breathe underwater as fish do, so their respiratory systems had to protect the body from the surrounding water; valvular nostrils and an intranarial larynx exclude water while breathing and swallowing. To navigate a...
Keystone species
Beaver ponds have a profound effect on the surrounding ecosystem. Their first and foremost ecological function is as a reservoir for times of drought, and prevent drying of riverbeds. In the event of a flood, beaver ponds slow down water-flow which reduces erosion on the surrounding soil. Beaver dams hold sediment, which reduces turbidity and thereby improving overall water quality downstream. This supplies other animals with cleaner drinking water and prevents degradation of spawning grounds...
Diet
Beavers are herbivores, and prefer the wood of quaking aspen, cottonwood, willow, alder, birch, maple and cherry trees. They also eat sedges, pondweed, and water lilies. Beavers do not hibernate, but rather they store sticks and logs in a pile in their ponds, eating the underbark. The dams they build flood areas of surrounding forest, giving the beaver safe access to an important food supply, which is the leaves, buds, and inner bark of growing trees. They prefer aspen and poplar, but will al...
Exploitation
Fur robes were blankets of sewn-together, native-tanned, beaver pelts. The pelts were called castor gras in French and "coat beaver" in English, and were soon recognized by the newly developed felt-hat making industry as particularly useful for felting. Some historians, seeking to explain the term castor gras, have assumed that coat beaver was rich in human oils from having been worn so long (much of the top-hair was worn away through usage, exposing the valuable under-wool), and that this is...
Habitat degradation
One problem at Lake Baikal is the introduction of pollutants into the ecosystem. Pesticides such as DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane, as well as industrial waste, mainly from the Baykalsk Pulp and Paper Mill, are thought to have been the cause of several disease epidemics among Baikal seal populations.The chemicals are speculated to concentrate up the food chain and weaken the Baikal seal's immune system, making them susceptible to diseases such as canine distemper and the plague, which was the...
As food
Moose are hunted as a game species in many of the countries where they are found. While the flesh has protein levels similar to those of other comparable red meats (e.g. beef, deer and elk), it has a low fat content, and the fat that is present consists of a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fats rather than saturated fats. Cadmium levels are high in moose liver and kidneys, with the result that consumption of these organs from moose more than one year old is prohibited in Finland. Cadmium...
Perrin, W. F.; Wursig, B.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2009). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-0809-1993-5.
Marine mammals are mammals that depend on the ocean and other marine ecosystems to live. They include animals such as seals, whales, manatees, sea otters and polar bears. Cetaceans are fully aquatic. Seals and sea-lions are semiaquatic. They spend the most of their time in the water but need to return to land to mate, breed and molt.
Europe is home to 44 species of marine mammals including whales, dolphins, porpoises and seals, although the diversity of species varies between regional seas. Of these, 36 species are whales, dolphins, and porpoises — collectively known as cetaceans — can be seen in Europe’s seas.
