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IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) is a major player in research and training in the fields of energy, transport and the environment. From scientific concepts in fundamental research to technological solutions in applied research, technological innovation is at the heart of its action. Climate, environment and circular economy.
- IFPEN
Focus on natural hydrogen: IFPEN involve in IEA and DGEC...
- Issues and Foresight
Yannick Peysson, manager of IFPEN’s “Underground resources...
- Innovation and Industry
INNOVATING TO SUPPORT THE ENERGY TRANSITION. Sustainable...
- Fundamental Research
To support innovation and the energy transition. fr; en;...
- Presentation
IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) is a major research and...
- Organization
A MATRIX ORGANIZATION The implementation of R&I programs at...
- Decoding keys
Energy storage. Critical metals and rare earths. Plastic...
- Economic outlook
IFPEN carries out technical and economic analyses in the...
- IFPEN
3. Feb. 2022 · Sustainable mobility. Responsible oil and gas. 02.03.2022. 2 minutes of reading. Oil & Gas Science and Technology (OGST), an academic journal headed by IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) is taking on a new identity to become Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET).
En matière d’hydrogène naturel, IFPEN est précurseur autant que novateur. A l’heure où l’hydrogène pourrait bien constituer un atout de plus dans la boîte à outils de la transition énergétique, Yannick Peysson, responsable R&D à IFPEN, nous raconte les origines et les perspectives de cette nouvelle source d’énergie.
- Copper-Intensive Low-Carbon Technologies
- Where Is Copper Found? Who Produces It?
- What Risks Is Copper Exposed to?
- How Can Supply Risks Be Reduced?
Due to its multiple properties – thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance – copper has become an essential metal in our modern societies. It is widely employed in the manufacture of electric cables and wires, plumbing, electronic equipment (printed circuits, electronic chips), in the transport sector (braking systems, injection sys...
Diversified location of copper resources and reserves
The U.S Geological Survey (USGS) estimates global copper resources to be 2.1 billion metric tons, to which can be added 3.5 billion tons yet to be discovered1 (average estimate) distributed throughout 11 regions of the world. Around half of these resources were located in South America, the southern part of Central Asia, Asia and North America (USGS, 2014). The HHI index (Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index) applied to copper reserves reflects their low level of concentration (Graph 4). 13 countries...
Chile and Peru, world copper production champions
In 2019, 20.3 million metric tons of copper were extracted worldwide. More than a quarter of this mining production came from Chile, around 12% from Peru and 8% from China (Map 1). Three counties thus accounted for more than 47% of global production. More widely, 11 countries produced 73.7% of global copper in 2019, reflecting a relatively low concentration of extraction activities compared to other metals (Graph 4). In 2018, four of the ten biggest copper mines were located in Chile (Escondi...
A high degree of geological criticality
The research team used the TIAM-IFPEN model to evaluate the cumulative demand for copper for the period to 2050 on the basis of two climate scenarios: a 4°C scenario corresponding to a temperature increase of 4°C above pre-industrial levels (4D scenario) and a more ambitious climate scenario limiting the temperature rise to 2°C (2D scenario). It then applied two mobility scenarios to each of these climate scenarios: the first, Business As Usual (BAU) mobility, corresponds toa continuous rise...
A Chinese stranglehold on the copper market?
Downstream of the market’s value chain is China where, in 2018, 9.4 million metric tons of copper were refined, i.e., 39% of the global total (around 24.1 million metric tons), while the country only represented 8% of mining production. China is thus very much the dominant force when it comes to copper refining activities. In 2017, four of the five biggest copper refineries were operated by China . This situation represents a major change compared to the early 1990s, when the Americas and Eur...
Energy-intensive mining activities with significant environmental impacts
Since the start of the 20th century, the mining sector has seen a reduction in the concentration of copper ore (Mudd et al., 2013). More ore needs to be extracted, therefore, in order to obtain a given quantity of copper, which means consuming more energy and water and ultimately affects production costs. For example, in 2019, the Chilean government decided to gradually reduce water extraction permits and to stop granting new ones for high water stress regions. These new constraints encourage...
Recycling, an essential component but one that is limited by structural factors
While the secondary production of refined copper increased between 1998 and 2015, both in terms of volume and percentage (Graph 7), it grew less quickly than the waste stock. Theoretically, however, 100% of copper can be recycled. There are two reasons for this: in sectors with the highest levels of recycling (construction and infrastructure), much of the associated copper is immobilized for several decades due to the lifespan of the buildings/infrastructures in question. In contrast, consume...
Less copper in transport: the sustainable mobility lever
Intervening in the transport sector via the implementation of sustainable mobility policies would make it possible to reduce the cumulative global demand for copper by 2050 by 2.3% in a 2D scenario (Graph 8). While the figure may appear small relative to the global problem, it is highly differentiated geographically, varying between 2 and 20%. For example, around 18% of consumption in Africa and Central Asia and close to 7% of that of India could be avoided by 2050 with the implementation of...
Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET) is the new name of former OGST (Oil & Gas Science and Technology, journal headed by IFPEN). STET is an international scientific journal supported by IFPEN (IFP Energies nouvelles) and CEA (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission), both major French research and technology ...
