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The article identifies five paradigmatic stages of a fascist movement, although he notes that only Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy progressed through all five: Intellectual exploration, where disillusionment with popular democracy manifests itself in discussions of lost national vigor
22. Juli 2019 · Here is Paxton’s first definition of fascism, from the Five Stages of Fascism pages 22-23: Where is the “fascism minimum” in all this? Has generic fascism evaporated in this analysis? It is by a functional definition of fascism that we can escape from these quandaries.
32. 34 Milza proposes four stages: a first fascism, that of marginal movements of intellectu-als from both Right and Left; a second fascism, that of militant activists on the road to power; a third fascism, exercising power; and a fourth, under the pressures of war. 12 Paxton.
The Anatomy of Fascism is a 2004 book by Robert O. Paxton, published by Alfred A. Knopf . Paxton sought to establish a more concise definition of fascism in an era where people used the term loosely. [1] The author argued that fascism only took root in countries which had more dysfunctional societies and in which conservative elites chose to ...
14. Apr. 2023 · Many experts agree that fascism is a mass political movement that emphasizes extreme nationalism, militarism, and the supremacy of the nation over the individual. This model of government stands...
1. März 1998 · The Five Stages of Fascism*. R. Paxton. Published in The Journal of modern history 1 March 1998. Political Science, History. At first sight, nothing seems easier to understand than fascism. It presents itself to us in crude, primary images: a chauvinist demagogue haranguing an ecstatic crowd; disciplined ranks of marching youths ...
Mussolini's The Doctrine of Fascism (1932), partly ghostwritten by philosopher Giovanni Gentile, who Mussolini described as "the philosopher of Fascism", states: "The Fascist conception of the State is all-embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State—a synthesis and a unit inclusive of ...
