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El cáncer es una enfermedad genética producida por la mutación en determinados genes que pueden ser de tres tipos: Oncogenes: son genes mutados que promueven la división celular, procedentes de otros llamados protooncogenes (los cuales tienen una función normal), encargados de la regulación del crecimiento celular. Su herencia ...
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [2] [7] These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. [7] . Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. [1] .
- 10 million annually (2019)
- Average five-year survival 66% (USA)
Brustkrebs oder Mammakarzinom (von lateinisch mamma „Zitze, Brust; weibliche Brustdrüse“) ist der häufigste bösartige Tumor der Brustdrüse des Menschen. Er kommt hauptsächlich bei Frauen vor; nur etwa jede hundertste dieser Krebserkrankungen tritt bei Männern auf. [1] . In den westlichen Staaten ist Brustkrebs die häufigste Krebsart bei Frauen.
- Mammakarzinom
- Zentraler Drüsenkörper der Brustdrüse
- Brustwarze und Warzenhof
- Oberer innerer Quadrant der Brustdrüse
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Causes
- Pathogenesis
- Prevention
- Epidemiology
- History
- Research
Early lung cancer often has no symptoms. When symptoms do arise they are often nonspecific respiratory problems – coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain – that can differ from person to person. Those who experience coughing tend to report either a new cough, or an increase in the frequency or strength of a pre-existing cough. Around one in fo...
A person suspected of having lung cancer will have imaging tests done to evaluate the presence, extent, and location of tumors. First, many primary care providers perform a chest X-ray to look for a mass inside the lung. The X-ray may reveal an obvious mass, the widening of the mediastinum (suggestive of spread to lymph nodes there), atelectasis (l...
Treatment for lung cancer depends on the cancer's specific cell type, how far it has spread, and the person's health. Common treatments for early stage cancer includes surgical removal of the tumor, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. For later-stage cancer, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are combined with newer targeted molecular therapies an...
Around 19% of people diagnosed with lung cancer survive five years from diagnosis, though prognosis varies based on the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the type of lung cancer. Prognosis is better for people with lung cancer diagnosed at an earlier stage; those diagnosed at the earliest TNM stage, IA1 (small tumor, no spread), have a two-year...
Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of lung cells. These changes are sometimes random, but are typically induced by breathing in toxic substances such as cigarette smoke. Cancer-causing genetic changes affect the cell's normal functions, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and DNA repair.Eventually, cells...
As with all cancers, lung cancer is triggered by mutations that allow tumor cells to endlessly multiply, stimulate blood vessel growth, avoid apoptosis (programmed cell death), generate pro-growth signalling molecules, ignore anti-growth signalling molecules, and eventually spread into surrounding tissue or metastasize throughout the body. Differen...
Smoking cessation
Those who smoke can reduce their lung cancer risk by quitting smoking – the risk reduction is greater the longer a person goes without smoking. Self-help programs tend to have little influence on success of smoking cessation, whereas combined counseling and pharmacotherapy improve cessation rates. The US FDA has approved antidepressant therapies and the nicotine replacement varenicline as first-line therapies to aid in smoking cessation. Clonidine and nortriptyline are recommended second-line...
Diet and lifestyle
Several foods and dietary supplements have been associated with lung cancer risk. High consumption of some animal products – red meat (but not other meats or fish), saturated fats, as well as nitrosamines and nitrites (found in salted and smoked meats) – is associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer. In contrast, high consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer, particularly consumption of cruciferous vegetables and raw fruits and veg...
Worldwide, lung cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer, and the leading cause of cancer death. In 2020, 2.2 million new cases were diagnosed, and 1.8 million people died from lung cancer, representing 18% of all cancer deaths. Lung cancer deaths are expected to rise globally to nearly 3 million annual deaths by 2035, due to high rates of tobac...
Lung cancer was uncommon before the advent of cigarette smoking. Surgeon Alton Ochsner recalled that as a Washington University medical student in 1919, his entire medical school class was summoned to witness an autopsy of a man who had died from lung cancer, and told they may never see such a case again. In Isaac Adler's 1912 Primary Malignant Gro...
While lung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer, it receives the third-most funding from the US National Cancer Institute (NCI, the world's largest cancer research funder) behind brain cancers and breast cancer. Despite high levels of gross research funding, lung cancer funding per death lags behind many other cancers, with around $3,200 spent on...
- 1.8 million (2020)
- After age 40; 70 years on average
Krebs bezeichnet in der Medizin die unkontrollierte Vermehrung und das wuchernde Wachstum von Zellen, d. h. eine bösartige Gewebeneubildung ( maligne Neoplasie) bzw. einen malignen (bösartigen) Tumor (Krebsgeschwulst, Malignom ).
- Bösartige Neubildungen
External links. Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body. [9] . A number of types of pancreatic cancer are known. [10]
Breast cancer is a cancer that develops from breast tissue. [7] . Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, milk rejection, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. [1] .
