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Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria (Vienna, 29 July 1818 – Gross Seelowitz (Židlochovice Castle), 20 November 1874) was the second son of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (1771–1847) and Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg, and the maternal grandfather of King Alfonso XIII of Spain.
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Thanks to the vast inheritance of his adoptive parents Karl became the wealthiest member of the dynasty. He possessed extensive estates in Hungary, Moravia, Galicia and the Austrian part of Silesia. His principle residence was the Viennese palace today known as the Albertina.
The reign of Ferdinand Karl in Tyrol is regarded as one of the darkest chapters in Habsburg history: corruption, misgovernment and a judicial murder do not contribute to painting a favourable picture of this member of the dynasty. Ferdinand Karl was the eldest son of Archduke Leopold V and Claudia de Medici.
When the war between revolutionary France and Austria began, the archduke, having been promoted to the rank of major general in 1793, was for the first time confronted with the reality of the battlefield.
