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  1. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek reform (Eurorealism, Eurocritical, or soft Euroscepticism), to those who oppose EU membership and see the EU as unreformable (anti-European Unionism, anti-EUism, or hard Euroscepticism).

  2. 6. Juli 2020 · Euroscepticism has become a stable component of the European Parliament. But is there one distinct Euroscepticism in the European Parliament or do various types exist there? Departing from the widely accepted definitions of hard and soft Euroscepticism, we analysed the behaviour of Eurosceptical groups in the European Parliament in ...

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    Eurosceptic opposition MEPs are less involved in legislative activities compared to non-Eurosceptic opposition MEPs.

    Eurosceptic MEPs are much more involved in activities designed to voice their opposition and increase their visibility at home, namely publicity activities. At the same time, studies have shown that because of the cordon sanitaire and related to the MEPs’ type of Euroscepticism, Eurosceptics do not all follow the same patterns of behaviour (Brack, ...

    Soft Eurosceptics are better integrated in the EP and therefore engage more in legislative activities while hard Eurosceptics focus on scrutiny and publicity activities only.

  3. 19. Mai 2015 · The biggest gains were made by radical right parties, who, in the context of the Eurozone crisis, have increasingly utilised a ‘hardEurosceptic and at times anti-globalisation discourse to bolster their traditional anti-immigrant discourse.

    • Nathalie Brack, Nicholas Startin
    • 2015
  4. 27. Feb. 2024 · Contextualising the Concept of Hard Euroscepticism. Vratislav Havlík, Vít Hloušek. First published: 27 February 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13602. Sections. PDF. Tools. Share. Abstract. The article analyses the impact of Brexit on hard Eurosceptic discourses in the Visegrád Group countries from 2015 to 2023.

  5. 20. Okt. 2017 · Hard Euroscepticism refers to a principled opposition to the EU and European integration, which can therefore be observed among parties which believe their country should leave the EU or whose positions towards the EU can be equated with opposition to the entire project of European integration (Taggart 1998; Taggart and Szczerbiak 2002).

  6. 6. Sept. 2023 · In the EU, this is reflected in the rise of Euroscepticism. The European Commission has examined the factors behind this phenomenon and how to address it, including through the EU’s cohesion policy. Eurosceptic parties can be divided into hard – those opposed to the entire European project – and ‘soft’ – those ...