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22nd century BC. The 22nd century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC. Events. The Deluge tablet of the Epic of Gilgamesh in Akkadian. The historical Gilgamesh had died centuries earlier before his epic was recorded. [1]
34th century BC: 33rd century BC: 32nd century BC: 31st century BC: 3rd millennium BC · 3000–2001 BC 30th century BC: 29th century BC: 28th century BC: 27th century BC: 26th century BC: 25th century BC: 24th century BC: 23rd century BC: 22nd century BC: 21st century BC: 2nd millennium BC · 2000–1001 BC 20th century BC: 19th ...
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Modelling evidence suggests that the 4.2 ka event was the result of a significant weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), disrupting global ocean currents and generating precipitation and temperature changes in various regions. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) abruptly shifted southward. Evidence suggests incre...
A phase of intense aridity about 4.2 ka BP is recorded across North Africa, the Middle East, the Red Sea, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, and midcontinental North America. Glaciers throughout the mountain ranges of western Canada advanced about that time. Iceland also experienced glacial advance. Evidence has also been found in an I...
North Africa
At the site of Sidi Ali in the Middle Atlas, δ18O values indicate not a dry spell but a centennial-scale period of cooler and more humid climate. In c. 2150 BC, Egypt was hit by a series of exceptionally low Nile floods that may have influenced the collapse of the centralised government of the Old Kingdomafter a famine.
Middle East
The south-central Levant experienced two phases of dry climate punctuated by a wet interval in between and thus the 4.2 ka event in the region has been termed a W-shaped event. Enhanced dust flux coeval with δ18O peaks is recorded in Mesopotamia from 4260 to 3970 BP, reflecting intense aridity. The aridification of Mesopotamia may have been related to the onset of cooler sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic (Bond event 3), as analysis of the modern instrumental record shows that lar...
South and Central Asia
The Siberian High increased in area and magnitude, which blocked moisture-carrying westerly winds, causing intense aridity in Central Asia. The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and Indian Winter Monsoon (IWM) both declined in strength, leading to highly arid conditions in northwestern South Asia. The ISM's decline is evident from low Mn/Ti and Mn/Fe values in Rara Lake from this time. The area around PankangTeng Tso Lake in the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh had cold and dry conditions and w...
Kaniewski, D.; et al. (2008). "Middle East coastal ecosystem response to middle-to-late Holocene abrupt climate changes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Ame...Weiss, H., ed. (2012). Seven Generations Since the Fall of Akkad. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447068239.Weiss, H. (2000). "Beyond the Younger Dryas: Collapse as Adaptation to Abrupt Climate Change in Ancient West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean". In Bawden, G.; Reycraft, R. M. (eds.). Environmenta...Michael Marshall (26 January 2022), 'Did a mega drought topple empires 4,200 years ago?', NatureThe 22nd century BC is a century which was from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC. Events. The Deluge tablet of the Gilgamesh epic in Akkadian. The historical Gilgamesh had died centuries earlier before his epic was recorded.
- 23rd century BC, 22nd century BC, 21st century BC
4. Nov. 2022 · The 4.2-kiloyear BP aridification event was one of the most severe climatic events of the Holocene epoch. It defines the beginning of the current Meghalayan age in the Holocene epoch. Starting around 2200 BC, it probably lasted the entire 22nd century BC. It has been hypothesised to have caused the collapse of the Old Kingdom in ...
Andreas Birken historical atlas of Southeastern Europe and the Middle East, map of The Akkadian Empire at its Peak
The 22nd century BC was a period of great upheaval and change in human history. It was a time of environmental disaster, political turmoil, and cultural transformation. The world was experiencing a severe aridification event, which lasted for over a century, and caused the collapse of several Old World civilizations. This catastrophic event ...
