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Czech ( / tʃɛk /; endonym: čeština [ˈtʃɛʃcɪna] ), historically also known as Bohemian [5] ( / boʊˈhiːmiən, bə -/; [6] Latin: lingua Bohemica ), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script. [5] . Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic.
- Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked...
- History of the Czech language
The Czech language developed at the close of the 1st...
- Czech–Slovak
The Czech–Slovak languages (or Czecho-Slovak) are a subgroup...
- Czech Republic
The Czech Wikipedia (Czech: Česká Wikipedie) is the Czech language edition of Wikipedia. This Wikipedia contains 545,932 articles, 2,375 active users, and 32 administrators. It was created on May 3, 2002. However, at that time, Wikipedia ran on UseModWiki software.
- 3 May 2002; 21 years ago
- Miami, Florida
Wikipedii provozuje nezisková nadace Wikimedia, která spravuje i řadu dalších otevřených mnohojazyčných wiki projektů: Commons – úložiště médií. Wikidata – databáze vědomostí. Wikislovník – výkladový slovník. Wikizdroje – původní dokumenty.
- Early West Slavic
- Old Czech
- Middle Czech
- Early Modern Czech
- Modern Czech
- See Also
- References
Among the innovations in common West Slavic is the palatalization of velar ch > š (vьšь 'all'), while s (vьsь) developed in the East and South Slavic dialects. Within West Slavic, Czech and Slovak separated from Polish around the 10th to 12th centuries. Some other changes took place during roughly the 10th century: 1. the disappearance and vocaliza...
Earliest records
The earliest written records of Czech date to the 12th to 13th century, in the form of personal names, glosses and short notes. The oldest known complete Czech sentence is a note on the foundation charter of the Litoměřicechapter at the beginning of the 13th century: 1. Pauel dal geſt ploſcoucih zemu / Wlah dalgeſt dolaſ zemu iſuiatemu ſcepanu ſeduema duſnicoma bogucea aſedlatu 2. (in transcription: Pavel dal jest Ploškovcích zem’u. Vlach dal jest Dolás zem’u i sv’atému Ščepánu se dvěma dušní...
14th century
In the 14th century, Czech began to penetrate various literary styles. Official documents in Czech exist at the end of the century. The digraph orthography is applied. The older digraph orthography: ch = ch; chz = č; cz = c; g = j; rs, rz = ř; s = ž or š; w = v; v = u; zz = s; z = z; ie, ye = ě; the graphemes i and y are interchangeable. The vowel length is not usually denoted, doubled letters are used rarely. Obligatory regulations did not exist. This is why the system was not always applied...
Hussite period
The period of the 15th century from the beginning of Jan Hus's preaching activity to the beginning of Czech humanism. The number of literary language users enlarges. Czech fully penetrates the administration. Around 1406, a reform of the orthography was suggested in De orthographia bohemica, a work attributed to Jan Hus – the so-called diacritic orthography. For recording of soft consonants, digraphs are replaced by a dot above letters. The acute is used to denote the vowel length. The digrap...
Humanistic period
The period of the mature literary language from the 16th to the beginning of the 17th century. The orthography in written texts is not still unified, digraphs are used predominantly in various forms. After the invention of book-printing, the so-called Brethren orthography stabilized in printed documents. The Bible of Kralice (1579–1593), the first complete Czech translation of the Bible from the original languages by the Unity of the Brethren, became the pattern of the literary Czech language...
Baroque period
The period from the second half of the 17th century to the second third of the 18th century was marked by confiscations and emigration of the Czech intelligentsia after the Battle of White Mountain. The function of the literary language was limited; it left the scientific field first, the discerning literature later, and the administration finally. Under the rule of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, who also reigned as king of Bohemia, the use of Czech was discouraged due to its association wi...
The period from the 1780s to the 1840s. The abolition of serfdom in 1781 (by Joseph II) caused migration of country inhabitants to towns. It enabled the implementation of the ideas of the Czech national awakeners for the renewal of the Czech language. However, the people's language and literary genres of the previous period were strange to the enli...
Literary Czech has not been an exclusive matter of the intellectual classes since the 1840s. Journalism was developing and artistic works got closer to the spoken language, especially in syntax. In 1902, Jan Gebauerpublished the first Rules of Czech Orthography, which also contained an overview of the morphology. These rules still preferred older f...
Karlík P., Nekula M., Pleskalová J. (ed.). Encyklopedický slovník češtiny. Nakl. Lidové noviny. Praha 2002. ISBN 80-7106-484-X.Rejzek J. Český etymologický slovník. Leda, Voznice 2001. ISBN 80-85927-85-3.Lamprecht A., Šlosar D., Bauer J. Historická mluvnice češtiny. SPN Praha 1986, 423 s.Červená, V. a Mejstřík, V. Slovník spisovné češtiny pro školu a veřejnost: s Dodatkem Ministerstva školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy České republiky. Vyd. 4. Praha: Academia, 2005, 647 s. ISBN 80-200...Die tschechische Sprache (veraltet böhmische Sprache; tschechisch: český jazyk bzw. čeština) gehört zum westslawischen Zweig der indogermanischen Sprachfamilie . Das Tschechische wird von rund 10,6 Millionen Menschen als Muttersprache gesprochen (Stand: 2016), von denen zirka 10,4 Millionen in Tschechien leben, wo es die Amtssprache ist. [2] .
The Czech–Slovak languages (or Czecho-Slovak) are a subgroup within the West Slavic languages comprising the Czech and Slovak languages. Most varieties of Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible, forming a dialect continuum (spanning the intermediate Moravian dialects) rather than being two clearly distinct languages ...
The Czech language is a Slavic language spoken by people in the Czech Republic. Ten million people speak it. It is very similar to the Slovak language; the differences between these two languages are small enough that speakers of Czech and Slovak usually understand each other.
