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18. Aug. 2010 · History of rocketry & space travel : Von Braun, Wernher, 1912-1977 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive.
We human beings have been venturing into space since October 4, 1957, when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth. This happened during the period of political hostility between the Soviet Union and the United States known as the Cold War.
Since the earliest days of discovery and experimentation, rockets have evolved from simple gunpowder devices into giant vehicles capable of traveling into outer space. Rockets have opened the universe to direct exploration by humankind.
Spaceflight began in the 20th century following theoretical and practical breakthroughs by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert H. Goddard, and Hermann Oberth, each of whom published works proposing rockets as the means for spaceflight. [a] The first successful large-scale rocket programs were initiated in Nazi Germany by Wernher von Braun.
- Early Rocketry
- Rockets in Theory and Practice
- 'Fathers' of Rocketry
- Rockets in Early Spaceflight
- Rockets of Today and Tomorrow
- Additional Resources
- Bibliography
There is evidence that rocket technology, or the early fundamentals of rocketry, was used thousands of years ago, as early as 400 B.C., for example. In an experiment at that time, Archytas, a Greek philosopher and mathematician, showed off a pseudo-rocket: a wooden pigeon suspended on wires. The pigeon was propelled by escaping steam, according to ...
By the 16th century, early rocket technology was regularly used in military skirmishes in Asia and Europe as well as in fireworks displays. While likely many people were musing on rocketry's potential during this era, we'll highlight just a couple. Austrian Conrad Haas created a "treatise" on rocketry technology, including crewed rockets, in the mi...
In the modern era, spaceflight historians often acknowledge three “fathers of rocketry” who helped push the first rockets into space. Admittedly, the term singles out a person who may have been in charge of a large team, and also comes from an era when people were less sensitive about the use of gendered language. Still, these individuals have a la...
Following World War II, several German and Nazi rocket scientists emigrated to both the Soviet Union and the United States, assisting those countries in the Space Race of the 1960s. In that contest, both countries vied to demonstrate technological and military superiority, using space as the frontier. The most famous of these engineers was Wernher ...
Several companies in many countries now manufacture uncrewed and crewed rockets — the United States, India, Europe, China and Russia, to name a few — and routinely send military and civilian payloads into space. Each of these countries has their own complex history of rocketry across many booster types, which often come with numerous variants for h...
"Roger Bacon: English Philosopher and Scientist." Theodore Crowley. Britannica. (2022, Jan. 1). https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-Bacon "Brief History of Rockets." NASA. (2021, May 13.) https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/TRC/Rockets/history_of_rockets.html "On the Making of Cannons and Missiles." Gabi Rudinger. Digital Treasures. (2021, Feb...
In 1927 a team of German rocket engineers, including Opel RAK's Max Valier, had formed the Verein für Raumschiffahrt (Society for Space Travel, or VfR), and in 1931 launched a liquid propellant rocket (using oxygen and gasoline).
History of Rockets. T. he mighty space rockets of today are the result of more than 2,000 years of invention, experi-mentation, and discovery. First by observation and inspiration and then by methodical research, the foundations for modern rocketry were laid. Building upon the experience of two millennia, new
