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15. Mai 2024 · Raymond Boudon and François Bourricaud strongly support the thesis that Spencer has a mature and current conception of evolution. They argue that Spencer’s evolutionism is “moderate” because it considers a wide range of sociological factors. Spencer’s evolutionism is not outdated; in fact, it is even more modern than Durkheim’s. What sets Spencer apart is his remarkable ...
15. Mai 2024 · The prisoner’s dilemma shows that rationality is insufficient to ensure the best outcome for the individuals involved in the strategic game. Raymond Boudon considers “perverse effects” as a possible variant of the prisoner game. Perverse effects are undesirable: The two prisoners both confess, but they would have benefited more from the ...
15. Mai 2024 · According to Raymond Boudon, Pareto has equated rationality with instrumental rationality. An action that uses the appropriate means to achieve the end is rational (Boudon 2002, 187). I now come to non-logical actions, which Pareto classified into four types on the basis of two fundamental variables: The objective end and the subjective end.
15. Mai 2024 · More recently, Raymond Boudon criticized Comte’s methodological collectivism. Comte maintained that, when understood as a scientific discipline, sociology does not allow human society to be considered as made up of individuals. According to Boudon, this methodological precept of Comte contains an anti-individualistic principle that limits the ...
15. Mai 2024 · Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937) expresses very well the idea of culture as a weapon to fight a war, thanks also to the military metaphors present in his theory of cultural hegemony, which, as we are about to see, was not systematically elaborated by Gramsci and this, as Thomas R. Bates wrote, requires the historian to transform himself into an “archaeologist” (Bates 1975, 351) to dig through ...
