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  1. The current constitution went in effect on 1 January 1993, [2] after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia . The Czech Republic has a multi-party system. Between 1993 and 2013, the two largest political parties were the centre-left Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) and centre-right Civic Democratic Party (ODS).

  2. Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency Got independence on 31 January 1968 from Australia , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . A special member from 1 November 1968 until 1 May 1999, when it became a full member, [31] before going back to special status in January 2006. [32]

  3. Politics of Poland. The government of Poland takes the form of a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. [1] [2] However, its form of government has also been identified as semi-presidential. [3] [4] [5] [6]

  4. 2. Feb. 2022 · Updated on February 02, 2022. A unitary state, or unitary government, is a governing system in which a single central government has total power over all of its other political subdivisions. A unitary state is the opposite of a federation, where governmental powers and responsibilities are divided. In a unitary state, the political subdivisions ...

  5. In a parliamentary system, the legislature is the part of government that makes laws. The legislature also gives power to the executive (the part of government that enforces laws). This is the basic form of a parliamentary republic. The difference is how the legislature gets its power. The legislature is not chosen by a ruler or by birth.

  6. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › ItalyItaly - Wikipedia

    Italy has been a unitary parliamentary republic since 2 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by a constitutional referendum. The President of Italy ( Presidente della Repubblica ), Sergio Mattarella since 2015, is Italy's head of state.