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24. März 2021 · By breaking up the last hour before you want to be asleep, you are not only enacting a clear plan but also addressing any tasks you may have missed or pushed. You’re taking charge of your...
- Ashley Lauretta
- Overview
- Why you might be staying up late
- 1. Get light early in the day
- 2. Wake up at the same time every day
- 3. Make adjustments in small increments
- 4. Avoid caffeine late in the day
- 5. Avoid screen time before bed
- 6. Get physical exercise
- 7. Try melatonin
- 8. Reduce your bedroom temperature
Ever felt the dread of knowing you have to wake up early, but you just can’t get to sleep?
Maybe you naturally stay up late, or maybe the pandemic did a number on your sleep routine. Or, you simply got sucked into a few Netflix series and turned into a night owl. Whatever the reason, your bedtime has crept into the wee hours.
Now don’t get us wrong — staying up later than average can be a good thing, especially if you tend to feel more alert, creative, and productive at night.
However, if you have to get up early for work or school, that can be hard when you’re regularly going to bed late. If that’s your situation, then you might want to consider shifting your bedtime so that you fall asleep earlier.
Your circadian rhythm is your internal clock. It’s the biological cycle that helps control certain body processes, including your sleep cycle.
Cues such as social interactions, food, exercise, and the light you’re exposed to over the course of the day, can trigger changes in your circadian rhythm. These external factors influence your internal clock on a daily basis, and some triggers can influence you to go to bed and get up later.
Whether you’re a so-called night owl (evening person) or an early bird (morning person) may be less within your control than you might think. Research suggests this trait is primarily genetic.
Some people naturally have late chronotypes, meaning they prefer to go to sleep later in the night and wake up later in the morning. Meanwhile, those with early chronotypes prefer to go to bed and wake up earlier.
“People are born as either morning people or evening people,” says Dr. Alon Avidan, professor of Neurology and Sleep Medicine at UCLA and director of the UCLA Sleep Disorders Center.
“You can’t be both,” Avidan says. “And you can’t easily transition someone from being a morning person to an evening person or an evening person to a morning person, but you can make changes to allow people to adjust slowly.”
This may be the single most powerful action you can take to shift your sleep cycle, research suggests.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), getting bright light early in the morning will help shift the time you start getting sleepy to earlier in the evening. Avidan recommends light exposure for 45 minutes to 1 hour each morning.
Light intensity matters. People measure this with the unit called lux. Here are typical lux values for different types of light:
•100–200 lux: the light in your home
•2,500 lux: the light you’d get outside on a cloudy day
•10,000 lux: the light you’d get outside on a sunny day
Changing your wake-up time may help you get to bed earlier.
“You want to be regular on both ends, and sometimes it may be even easier to regulate the get-up time than the sleep time,” says Chervin.
Instead of trying to go to bed several hours earlier than your usual time, adjust your bedtime gradually over several days.
“Like most habits, it’s easiest to break [a sleeping habit] if you gradually adjust,” says Chervin. “If you’re used to staying up really late, but your desired bedtime is earlier, adjusting in 15-minute increments from night to night will be a lot easier.”
According to research, caffeine can have disruptive effects on your bedtime.
This substance, often found in beverages including tea, coffee, and soda, can delay sleepiness by blocking the effects of adenosine, a chemical your body produces that helps you fall asleep.
“For most people who aren’t sleep deprived, and especially for anyone with chronic insomnia, you don’t want to have caffeine in the latter half of the day,” advises Chervin.
When it comes to cutting off caffeine, Chervin recommends leaving at least 6 hours between your last cup of joe and your anticipated bedtime.
As tempting as it may be to watch television or scroll on your phone before bed, the light from these devices may make it harder for you to fall asleep.
Chervin says the ideal time to turn off all screens is at least 2 hours before your targeted bedtime.
Eliminating light, including blue light from electronic devices, is essential because darkness tells your brain to start winding down for sleep.
“Darkness stimulates the secretion of a neurotransmitter called melatonin,” says Avidan. “When the environment becomes dark and melatonin is secreted, you begin to see a reduction in alertness.”
“Regular exercise is thought to be conducive to having better and more regular sleep,” says Chervin.
Research has shown that regular physical activity is linked to falling and staying asleep in older adults.
One study found that moderate aerobic exercise in the early morning helped improve participants’ overall sleep.
People in the study exercised on a treadmill in the morning, afternoon, or evening. Then researchers monitored their blood pressure and sleep using wearable cuffs and headbands. Those who exercised in the morning (7 a.m.) had lower blood pressure at night and also spent more time in a deep sleep.
Morning fitness activities that can elevate your heart rate, including brisk walking, power lifting, or an active yoga class, may lead to better sleep.
If you’re exercising to fall asleep earlier, research suggests you should avoid working out vigorously less than an hour before your desired bedtime. While evening exercise doesn’t appear to impair the quality of overall sleep, it may delay the time of sleep onset.
Your body naturally makes the hormone melatonin when you’re exposed to darkness. Research shows that taking melatonin supplements may help you doze off earlier and may reduce jet lag.
Avidan recommends taking 0.5 to 1 mg of melatonin 3 to 4 hours before your usual bedtime.
“Melatonin is like a magnet,” says Avidan. “It pulls sleep onset earlier if you take it earlier.”
To optimize melatonin’s effects, experts recommend reducing light exposure before bed. It’s a good idea to turn off electronic devices, put down your phone, and dim the lights.
While melatonin is generally considered safe for most people, possible side effects include allergic reactions and interactions with medications. Melatonin supplements are not recommended for those who are breastfeeding, pregnant, or experiencing symptoms of dementia.
Consult your healthcare provider about whether melatonin is appropriate for you.
Besides regulating your sleep cycle, your circadian rhythm also affects your body temperature. Your core body temperature tends to rise over the course of the day and drop at night before you fall asleep.
According to research, a room’s temperature is linked to sleep regulation. When your body temperature lowers, you start to feel sleepier, so keeping your bedroom cool may help you fall asleep.
On the other hand, if you’ve lived somewhere without air conditioning, you know how hard it can be to fall asleep and stay asleep on a hot night.
A 2019 study found that room temperatures of 96.8°F to 100.4°F (36°C to 38°C) were associated with poor sleep quality. Participants slept less and reported they had more shallow sleep in hot conditions.
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