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Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the Ural Mountains, whilst its western boundary is defined in various ways. [1] Most definitions include the countries of ...
Using a composite trade share measure of trade openness, we examined the effects of trade openness on carbon dioxide emission for a sample of 17 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries over the period 1994 to 2014. We found that high trade openness is associated with low carbon emission in the long run. When compared with the simple measure of trade openness (i. e. total trade as a ...
22. Dez. 2022 · CEE countries introduced funded pensions in the early 2000s. The stated objectives of funded pensions were to diversify old age pension income, to attract additional financing sources to pension systems, to assure adequate income for future retirees, and to balance future state obligations in aging societies. The state in CEE countries encouraged participation in funded pensions with the help ...
Overview. Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe is at a crossroads, as citizens across the region protest autocratic over-reach in elections, the judiciary, and media, signaling widespread disaffection with political institutions. External threats to democratic development – disinformation principal among them –exacerbates this challenge.
The History and Literature of Central and Eastern European Countries” – to kwartalnik wydawany przez Instytut Literatury w Krakowie. Głównym celem czasopisma jest prezentacja historii i literatury (szczególnie w XX i XXI w.) krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Do tej pory ukazały się w nim artykuły badaczy z Czech, Litwy, Polski ...
8. Dez. 2018 · Providing an insightful answer to what Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) actually is, is not straightforward. Berend distinguishes three sub-regions within CEE: the area which is usually referred to as Eastern Central Europe comprises the countries sharing the Carpathian Basin and the Polish plains; the second is the Balkan; and finally what he refers to as Russian Eastern Europe.
