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Learn how the Iron Curtain and the Berlin Wall divided Germany into two countries: East and West Germany, and how they reunited in 1990. See the map of the former East Germany, including Berlin, and its population and economic differences with the West.
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The inner German border ( German: innerdeutsche Grenze or deutsch–deutsche Grenze; initially also Zonengrenze) was the frontier between the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990.
- 1945
- 1945–90
- Up to 4 metres (13 ft)
- East Germany
West Germany (blue) comprised the Western Allies' zones, excluding disputed Saarland (purple); the Soviet zone, East Germany (red) surrounded West Berlin (yellow).
- Four Allies, Four Occupation Zones
- Rifts Between Soviet and Other Occupied Zones
- Tensions Lead to The Berlin Blockade
- Berlin Airlift Breaks Blockade
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In July of 1945, the “Big Three” met again at the Potsdam Conference. At Yalta, the Allies had agreed to a broad framework that included the demilitarization, democratization and denazification of Germany. With the war officially over, it was time to initiate a “nuts and bolts” action plan for an Allied occupation of Germany. Instead of administeri...
From the start, the Soviets ran their occupation zone very differently than the British, French and Americans. “The Soviet army and Russian civilians had suffered terribly at the hands of the Nazis during the war,” says Boghardt. “So when it came to carrying out the joint directive of denazification, for example, they not only arrested Nazi officia...
In 1947, Great Britain and the United States decided to merge their two occupation zones in order to foster more economic cooperation between the regions. The large new territory was called “Bizonia” referring to the two zones that made up its borders. Then the western Allies took things a step further by stepping up economic aid to Bizonia and the...
The Americans, British and French responded with the Berlin Airlift, a months-long air campaign to drop food and fuel into West Berlin that ultimately broke the Soviet blockade in 1949. Later that same year, France officially merged its occupied territory with Bizonia, creating the Federal Republic of Germany, or what became known as West Germany. ...
Learn how Germany was divided into four occupation zones by the Allies after World War II, and how the Cold War led to a permanent split between East and West Germany. See maps, photos and sources of the historical events and conflicts that shaped the postwar era.
- Dave Roos
- 3 Min.
As part of the 18 May treaty, the five East German states were reconstituted on 23 August. East Berlin, the capital of East Germany, reunited with West Berlin, a de facto part of West Germany, in order to form the city of Berlin, which joined the Federal Republic as its third city-state alongside Bremen and Hamburg.
Cutting through parks and fields, yards and gardens, the 28-mile-long Berlin wall stood as a boarder between East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989 when it fell.
Map of Cold War Berlin.
