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Ferdinand II (born July 14, 1610—died May 24, 1670) was the fifth grand duke (granduca) of Tuscany, a patron of sciences, whose rule was subservient to Rome. He was a boy of 10 when his father, Cosimo II , died in 1621; and his grandmother, Christine of Lorraine, and his mother, Maria Magdalena of Austria, were nominated regents.
Ferdinand I (born July 30, 1549—died Feb. 7, 1609) was the third grand duke (granduca) of Tuscany (1587–1609), who greatly increased the strength and prosperity of the country. The younger son of Cosimo I , Ferdinand had been made a cardinal at age 14 and was living in Rome when his brother Francis (Francesco) died without a male heir, and he inherited the grand ducal title (1587).
Roman Catholicism. Signature. Ferdinand III [nb 1] (6 May 1769 – 18 June 1824) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1790 to 1801 and, after a period of disenfranchisement, again from 1814 to 1824. He was also the Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg (1803–1805) and Duke and Elector (to 1806, Grand Duke from 1806) of Würzburg (1805–1814).
Wandruszka, Adam: Leopold II., Wien/München 1963. Aged only eighteen, the new grand duke, supported by a group of advisors, soon set about implementing a large-scale programme of reforms which was to make Tuscany a leading example of Enlightenment rule. The young grand duke based his reforms on the principles of physiocracy.
Cosimo II de' Medici (12 May 1590 – 28 February 1621) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1609 until his death. He was the elder son of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Christina of Lorraine . For the majority of his twelve-year reign, he delegated the administration of Tuscany to his ministers. He is best remembered as the ...
Growing with a compact bushy habit, this Arabian Jasmine is ideal for warm, humid areas and may bloom almost year-round in frost-free areas. ‘Grand Duke of Tuscany’ is a slow grower and grows up to 1-3 ft. tall and wide (30-90 cm). Thrives in full sun to part shade, in loose, humusy, evenly moist, well-drained soils.
21. März 2024 · Jan. 29, 1870, Rome (aged 72) Leopold II (born Oct. 3, 1797, Florence—died Jan. 29, 1870, Rome) was the last reigning grand duke of Tuscany (ruled 1824–59). Succeeding his father, Ferdinand III, on June 18, 1824, Leopold continued liberal administrative, judicial, and educational reforms and improved the transportation system.
