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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, Hindi मोहनदास करमचंद गांधी Mohandās Karamchand Gāndhī; genannt Mahatma Gandhi; * 2. Oktober 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat; † 30. Januar 1948 in Neu-Delhi, Delhi) war ein indischer Rechtsanwalt, Publizist ...
- Salzmarsch
April 1930: Gandhi hebt am Strand Meersalz auf – obwohl...
- Nathuram Godse
Nathuram Godse während der Gerichtsverhandlung, 1948....
- Kasturba Gandhi
Kasturba Gandhi in den 1940er Jahren Mohandas und Kasturba...
- English
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( ISO: Mōhanadāsa Karamacaṁda...
- Hindu-Nationalisten
Hindutva (Hindi हिन्दुत्व hindutva) bezeichnet ein...
- Film
Gandhi ist ein britisch-indischer Spielfilm von Richard...
- Salzmarsch
- Gandhi in Großbritannien. Mahatma Gandhi konnte seinem Traum von einem Jurastudium in England nur nachgehen, weil er seiner Mutter versprach: Er würde seinen Glauben als Hindu in London ausleben und nicht dem „unmoralischen“ Westen verfallen, wie seine Mutter es nannte.
- Gandhi in Südafrika. im Video zur Stelle im Video springen. (03:59) Doch auch in Indien hielt es Mahatma Gandhi nicht lange. Als Gandhi 1893 gefragt wurde, ob er einen Rechtsstreit in Südafrika lösen könne, zögerte er nicht und reiste in den afrikanischen Süden.
- Gandhis Rückkehr nach Indien. im Video zur Stelle im Video springen. (00:47) 10 Jahre nach der Veröffentlichung der „Indian Opinion“ zog Mahatma Gandhi zurück nach Indien.
- Salzmarsch. im Video zur Stelle im Video springen. (01:28) Der Höhepunkt von Mahatma Gandhis Wirken war im Jahre 1930. Die Briten hatten zuvor die Handelssteuer auf Salz erhöht.
- Overview
- Youth
Initially, Gandhi’s campaigns sought to combat the second-class status Indians received at the hands of the British regime. Eventually, however, they turned their focus to bucking the British regime altogether, a goal that was attained in the years directly after World War II. The victory was marred by the fact that sectarian violence within India between Hindus and Muslims necessitated the creation of two independent states—India and Pakistan—as opposed to a single unified India.
Read more below: Years in South Africa: Emergence as a political and social activist
India: The transfer of power and the birth of two countries
Read more about the partition of India and Pakistan.
What were Gandhi’s religious beliefs?
Gandhi’s family practiced a kind of Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within Hinduism, that was inflected through the morally rigorous tenets of Jainism—an Indian faith for which concepts like asceticism and nonviolence are important. Many of the beliefs that characterized Gandhi’s spiritual outlook later in life may have originated in his upbringing. However, his understanding of faith was constantly evolving as he encountered new belief systems. Leo Tolstoy’s analysis of Christian theology, for example, came to bear heavily on Gandhi’s conception of spirituality, as did texts such as the Bible and the Quʾrān, and he first read the Bhagavadgita—a Hindu epic—in its English translation while living in Britain.
Gandhi was the youngest child of his father’s fourth wife. His father—Karamchand Gandhi, who was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar, the capital of a small principality in western India (in what is now Gujarat state) under British suzerainty—did not have much in the way of a formal education. He was, however, an able administrator who knew how to steer his way between the capricious princes, their long-suffering subjects, and the headstrong British political officers in power.
Gandhi’s mother, Putlibai, was completely absorbed in religion, did not care much for finery or jewelry, divided her time between her home and the temple, fasted frequently, and wore herself out in days and nights of nursing whenever there was sickness in the family. Mohandas grew up in a home steeped in Vaishnavism—worship of the Hindu god Vishnu—with a strong tinge of Jainism, a morally rigorous Indian religion whose chief tenets are nonviolence and the belief that everything in the universe is eternal. Thus, he took for granted ahimsa (noninjury to all living beings), vegetarianism, fasting for self-purification, and mutual tolerance between adherents of various creeds and sects.
Britannica Quiz
Gandhi and Indian History
The educational facilities at Porbandar were rudimentary; in the primary school that Mohandas attended, the children wrote the alphabet in the dust with their fingers. Luckily for him, his father became dewan of Rajkot, another princely state. Though Mohandas occasionally won prizes and scholarships at the local schools, his record was on the whole mediocre. One of the terminal reports rated him as “good at English, fair in Arithmetic and weak in Geography; conduct very good, bad handwriting.” He was married at the age of 13 and thus lost a year at school. A diffident child, he shone neither in the classroom nor on the playing field. He loved to go out on long solitary walks when he was not nursing his by then ailing father (who died soon thereafter) or helping his mother with her household chores.
He had learned, in his words, “to carry out the orders of the elders, not to scan them.” With such extreme passivity, it is not surprising that he should have gone through a phase of adolescent rebellion, marked by secret atheism, petty thefts, furtive smoking, and—most shocking of all for a boy born in a Vaishnava family—meat eating. His adolescence was probably no stormier than that of most children of his age and class. What was extraordinary was the way his youthful transgressions ended.
Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) war ein indischer Rechtsanwalt und einer der berühmtesten Befürworter des friedlichen Widerstands. Ohne jede Gewalt kämpfte er für die Unabhängigkeit Indiens von der britischen Kolonialmacht.
Mahatma Gandhi, eigentlich Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, ist ein Freiheitskämpfer aus Indien hat sich die Auszeichnung als "große Seele" erst verdienen müssen. Wie Mahatma Gandhi die Welt veränderte, lest ihr hier
