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Size: ~1 – 7 x 10-15 m = 1 – 7 fermi (fm) (cf atom ~10-10 m) particular nuclear species is called a NUCLIDE. particular nuclide consists of N neutrons and Z protons The charge on a proton is +e (1.60210 x 10-19 C) so the nuclide AX. has Z protons, N neutrons, and A= N+Z nucleons. is the nuclear mass number.
Nuclear masses are measured in terms of the atomic mass unit: 1 amu or 1u = 1.66× 10−27kg. One amu is equivalent to 1/12 of the mass of a neutral ground-state atom of 12C. Since electrons are much lighter than protons and neutrons (and protons and neutrons have similar mass), one nucleon has mass of about 1amu.
1.1 Why nuclear physics Nuclear physics is one of the most important branches and milestones in modern physics in the last century. It has intrinsic connections to quantum mechanics and can be regarded as a laboratory for quantum physics. The aim of nuclear physics is to understand the properties of nuclei and their applications. Among many ...
In this chapter we review some notations and basic concepts in Nuclear Physics. The chapter is meant to setup a common language for the rest of the material we will cover as well as rising questions that we will answer later on. 1.2: Binding energy and Semi-empirical mass formula; 1.3: Radioactive decay
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Nuclear and Particle Physics Contents Preface Notes References Data Problems Illustrations Website 1 Basic concepts 1.1 History 1.1.1 The origins of nuclear physics 1.1.2 The emergence of particle physics: hadrons and quarks 1.1.3 The standard model of particle physics 1.2 Relativity and antiparticles 1.3 Space-time symmetries and conservation ...
1.2.1. Electromagnetic radiation. When interactions with matter are considered, electromagnetic radiation is generally treated as series of individual particles, known as photons. The energy E of each photon is given by: E =. hv. = hc / λ. h (Planck’s constant) = 6.63×10-34 J·s = 4.14×10-15 eV·s. eV = 1.6×10-19 J, is the energy given to ...
