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  1. Vor 21 Stunden · Plancherel's theorem has the interpretation in the sciences that the Fourier transform preserves the energy of the original quantity. The terminology of these formulas is not quite standardised. Parseval's theorem was proved only for Fourier series, and was first proved by Lyapunov. But Parseval's formula makes sense for the Fourier transform as well, and so even though in the context of the ...

  2. Vor 21 Stunden · Use of Newton's method to compute square roots. Newton's method is one of many known methods of computing square roots. Given a positive number a, the problem of finding a number x such that x2 = a is equivalent to finding a root of the function f(x) = x2 − a. The Newton iteration defined by this function is given by.

  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Markov_chainMarkov chain - Wikipedia

    Vor 21 Stunden · v. t. e. A Markov chain or Markov process is a stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event. [1] [2] [3] Informally, this may be thought of as, "What happens next depends only on the state of affairs now ."

  4. Vor 21 Stunden · The possible orders of group elements are important in the study of the structure of a group (see Sylow theorems), and in the classification of finite simple groups. Superscript notation is also used for conjugation; that is, g h = h −1 gh, where g and h are elements of a group. This notation cannot be confused with exponentiation, since the ...