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  1. Vor 5 Tagen · In the theory of dynamical systems, Helmholtz decomposition can be used to determine "quasipotentials" as well as to compute Lyapunov functions in some cases. [33] [34] [35] For some dynamical systems such as the Lorenz system ( Edward N. Lorenz , 1963 [36] ), a simplified model for atmospheric convection , a closed-form expression of the Helmholtz decomposition can be obtained:

  2. Vor 6 Tagen · Four-gradient. In differential geometry, the four-gradient (or 4-gradient) is the four-vector analogue of the gradient from vector calculus . In special relativity and in quantum mechanics, the four-gradient is used to define the properties and relations between the various physical four-vectors and tensors .

  3. Vor 6 Tagen · Die Galoistheorie ist ein Teilgebiet der Algebra. In klassischer Sicht beschäftigt sich die Galoistheorie mit den Symmetrien der Nullstellen von Polynomen. Diese Symmetrien können grundsätzlich durch Gruppen von Permutationen, also Untergruppen der symmetrischen Gruppe, beschrieben werden. Évariste Galois entdeckte, dass diese Symmetrien ...

  4. Vor 5 Tagen · Keynesian economics is an economic theory of total spending in the economy and its effects on output and inflation . Keynesian economics was developed by the British economist John Maynard Keynes ...

  5. Vor 6 Tagen · Naturtheorie. Eine Naturtheorie ist eine Theorie zur Beschreibung und Erklärung der äußeren, nicht von Menschen gemachten Wirklichkeit (der „unkultivierten“ Natur im Gegensatz zur Kultur ).

  6. Vor 2 Tagen · Bell's theorem is a term encompassing a number of closely related results in physics, all of which determine that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden-variable theories, given some basic assumptions about the nature of measurement. "Local" here refers to the principle of locality, the idea that a particle can only be influenced ...

  7. Vor 6 Tagen · This theory of probability is the oldest. It originated in the study of games of chance, such as dice games and card games. In the Theory of Equally Likely Outcomes, probability assignments depend on the assertion that no particular outcome is preferred over any other by Nature; generally, arguments that Nature should show no preference among the outcomes appeal to the symmetry of the system ...