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1. Jan. 2014 · This chapter describes the various forms of scientific knowledge such as theories, laws and models emphasizing their coherence and contribution to the growth of scientific knowledge, a theme that tends to be invisible in school science.
- The Nature of Scientific Knowledge
Explores both the individual and social dimensions of the...
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- The Nature of Scientific Knowledge
18. Jan. 2019 · Abstract. This chapter looks at some of the basic questions concerning the development of scientific knowledge. These are fundamental questions if we wish to carry out a research project. We need to inform ourselves of rules and standards concerning the field of practice that we enter into.
- Oddbjørn Bukve
- Oddbjorn.Bukve@hvl.no
- 2019
17. Feb. 2023 · In this chapter, what characterizes scientific knowledge is introduced and discussed. Central concepts such as theory, method, and analysis are elaborated on through tracing their historical origin; that is, their etymology.
- Niklas Pramling
- niklas.pramling@ped.gu.se
- Reductionism
- A Denotative Theory of Meaning
- The Verification Principle
- The Concept of Scientific Law
- Induction
- The Legacy of Neo-Positivism
According to the former Wittgenstein, everything is a fact, including words and statements. Therefore, if we are in the presence of truth, then consequently facts and words harmonise; this takes place because the statement expresses the reality, it is a reflection of it. In other words, there is an isomorphism between the structure of the fact and ...
In the example of the destruction of the Twin Towers (see Box 2.1) we saw how naming that event a terrorist attack or an act of war could actually make a huge difference. In the perspective presented in Chap. 2, names have a connotative meaning, in the sense that they connote (create) certain properties or characteristics.Footnote 7 Instead, the ne...
The third cornerstone of neo-positivist epistemology sees in ostensiveness (demonstrating) the only possibility of verification. Reference is made to possibility and not to tout court verification, because the latter is reached at a subsequent time, once the reduction has occurred. In fact, an elementary statement only has meaning if the rules (log...
Now let us take a look at the penultimate cornerstone of neo-positivism: the concept of scientific law. According to Carl Gustav Hempel, German mathematician, logician and philosopher, the task of scientific research is to discover regularity in the seemingly disordered flow of events and therefore to enucleate a set of general laws for the purpose...
Regarding this concept, the positions of neo-positivists are the most uncertain. Initially they considered that induction was the guiding structure of scientific reasoning. But later Carnap (on this point agreeing with Popper) changed this position, assigning to deduction the role of protagonist and to induction a secondary role. He also agrees tha...
The positions of logical empiricism may be considered by some to be splitting hairs, also in light of the highly philosophical, excessively formalised and even somewhat convoluted language with which they are discussed. They are positions that appear philosophically almost entirely outdated. And yet most modern-day scientists continue to be (practi...
The New Understanding of Scientific Knowledge. Chapter. pp 3–15. Cite this chapter. Download book PDF. Download book EPUB. Knowledge-creating Milieus in Europe. Paolo Garbolino. 1035 Accesses. Abstract.
